Achieving the ideal is not an easy process. Especially when it comes to personal development. But this is precisely the task facing the system of modern education: the formation of not only knowledge and skills, but also the moral qualities and guidelines of students. In recent years, special attention has been paid to spiritual education and upbringing of the younger generation.
Basic language
The moral development of a person is a complex process based on many factors. This explains a significant number of related concepts and terms that form the basis of spiritual education.
Spiritual values - norms, principles in relation to a person to society, family, himself, based on the concepts of good and evil, true and false.
Spiritual and moral education is the process of introducing the student to the basic value orientations, contributing to the harmonious development of the personality, the formation of the moral and semantic sphere.
In addition, there is such a thing ascivil and moral development, including the process of strengthening basic personal values, the formation of the ability to consciously build attitudes towards oneself, the state, and society on the basis of generally accepted moral standards.
Goals and objectives
The scale of the goals of spiritual and moral education, declared one of the key areas of state policy, is impressive. Ultimately, this is the upbringing of a responsible, proactive, competent citizen who adheres to traditional moral, social, and family values.
Further development of the country largely depends on the success of such education. The higher the level of acceptance by a citizen of universal and national values and the readiness to follow them in professional, personal, social life, the greater the prospects for the modernization of the country and society. Spiritual values in education are fully consistent with these tasks.
The concept of spiritual and moral development and education
Developed back in 2009, the concept has become the basis for the development of new educational standards. It was in it that the provision was formulated on the need for interaction between the family, educational institutions, public, religious, cultural and sports organizations in the field of spiritual education of the younger generation. The concept determined the goals and objectives of the moral development of children, the type of modern educational ideal, basic national values, pedagogical conditions and principles.
Tasks:
- creationconditions for self-determination of the child;
- its integration into national and world culture;
- shaping an objective picture of the world in a student.
Main moral guidelines
According to the accepted concept, the main sources of morality for children and youth are:
- love for the motherland and readiness to serve the fatherland;
- solidarity;
- family relations;
- citizenship;
- nature;
- scientific knowledge;
- art and aesthetic development;
- cultural ideas and religious ideals;
- creation and creativity;
- diversity of peoples and cultures.
In the process of upbringing and education, the development of the personal, social and family culture of the child takes place. At the same time, the educational environment of the school should be built on values common to all citizens of the country.
The system of spiritual education in Russia
The need to strengthen the educational functions of educational institutions is noted in a number of regulatory documents. Thus, according to the provisions of the new law on education, ensuring the spiritual and moral development of students is one of the main tasks of educational programs. This process is carried out in close cooperation with the student's family, public and confessional institutions. All of them become subjects of the system of spiritual education.
The educational environment of the school is built in such a way thatcontribute to the versatile development of the child, combined with external educational factors. It is not necessary for a teacher to receive professional spiritual education in order to choose the most effective methods for the moral development of a child in his lessons or in extracurricular activities. At the same time, the processes of training and education in practice are actually inseparable from each other.
Spiritual and moral education and GEF
According to the new federal standards (FSES), education is assigned one of the leading roles in the moral consolidation of modern society. Their provisions reveal the content of the key tasks of the spiritual education of children, the direction of educational work at each stage of education, methods and forms of moral development. The key point is the unity of classroom, extracurricular and extracurricular activities as a guarantee of the comprehensive development of the student.
A child's acquaintance with basic values occurs not only within the framework of the subjects of the humanitarian and aesthetic cycle (literature, art, social studies). All subjects have educational potential. In addition, in 2012, a special course was introduced in all domestic schools - the basics of religious cultures and secular ethics. During the training, the guys got the opportunity to get to know the main religious systems (Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Judaism), the history of the development of key ethical and philosophical concepts.
Directions of spiritual education at school
The three main components of spiritual education will be discussed below: cognitive, value, activity.
The cognitive component ensures the formation of a certain system of knowledge and ideas about the moral sphere. Research projects, conferences, intellectual marathons and olympiads are becoming effective technologies in this regard.
Value (axiological) - is responsible for the student's emotional perception of certain moral principles and rules. Regular problematic conversations with a discussion of situations of moral choice, as well as various types of creative tasks that reflect the ideas and views of the student bring good results.
The activity component is associated with the practical results of schoolchildren, reflecting the level of assimilation of moral values. The leading role here is assigned to extracurricular and out-of-school practices. These are gaming activities, and the organization of actions, and the preparation of socially significant projects, and socially useful work, and sports and recreational activities.
Methods for assessing the level of spiritual education and development
In the system of modern education, checking the results achieved by schoolchildren is a mandatory event. To do this, there is a whole range of procedures - from verification work to the state final certification. It is much more difficult to assess achievements in the field of spiritual education. The main indicators are: the breadth of cognitive interests, interest inspiritual culture, understanding and acceptance of basic moral values, the formation of ethical ideas that determine the choice in various situations.
Based on this, the main task of the teaching staff is to develop possible criteria for assessing the effectiveness of the upbringing process. These include:
- level of interest in morally significant values;
- volume and completeness of knowledge about spiritual guidelines and principles;
- orientation of the emotional attitude to the system of basic values, the degree of their acceptance;
- willingness to objectively evaluate their own actions and the actions of others from the standpoint of ethical standards;
- experience in practical following of moral rules in situations of choice;
- the level of activity of schoolchildren's participation in activities related to spiritual and moral development;
- students' initiative and ability to self-organize;
- activity and cohesion of the teaching staff in educational work.
