Coronal holes are special areas on the surface of the Sun in the sphere of its corona, which arise due to disturbances in the natural processes inside the star. In these places, the temperature and surface density decrease.
Coronal holes appear during a lower peak of solar activity. They are formed, as a rule, at the poles and are associated with the release of pieces of plasma into outer space. The flux of radiation always precedes the formation of a hole. These phenomena are recorded on Earth using radio telescopes.
Coronal hole on the Sun: what threatens the planet and humanity
As soon as violations in the area of the solar corona are fixed, we should expect an increase in electromagnetic activity on Earth. This is due to the fact that before the hole appeared, radioactive energy was thrown into space, which moves to all the planets of our system. This worsens the well-being of weather-dependent people and affects the climate.
Northern Lights
Coronal holes are the cause of the northern lights. This is due to the effect of plasma on the atmosphere and magnetic field of our planet. In northern latitudesthere is a pole around which energy is concentrated.
It, passing through the atmosphere, leads to the formation of bright flashes. They are called northern lights. They are always associated with increased magnetic activity of the Sun or the Earth and often occur as a reaction to exposure to radiation.
Life of the Sun
The sun is a star, within which thermonuclear reactions are constantly taking place. Their essence is that hydrogen and its isotopes are burned, and helium is formed during the reaction. Then it burns out, forming heavier elements. The star itself lives only due to these reactions. They occur with a gigantic release of heat and operate continuously.
The life of the Sun will be as it is now, only as long as it has hydrogen reserves. As soon as it ends, a collapse will occur, which will gradually reduce the volume of the star and weaken its power. The process of converting helium into heavier substances will begin until the death of the star.
Coronal holes are a violation of the natural processes on the Sun under the influence of strong electromagnetic activity. It can be caused by a reaction to external and internal stimuli.
For example, the solar system passes through a zone of increased radioactivity in our galaxy and this is considered an external irritant. Internal causes are connected with the completion of one solar cycle and the beginning of another.
Difficulties in observation
Observing the Sun is very difficult. The proximity of the star to our planet makes it difficult to studymany processes due to brightness and brilliance that interferes with viewing.
Astronomers still know little about such a phenomenon as coronal holes. The main reason is that the Sun, as already mentioned, is difficult to observe
Therefore, it is not easy to detect the appearance of a coronal hole. In the 70s. a coronagraph was installed in orbit around our planet - a device for observing the Sun. It was supposed to detect the formation of new holes.
The coronagraph is made in such a way that the star can be looked at without risk to vision.
But even this device does not allow stable observation of the surface of the star. Therefore, at the time of the formation of a flash, it is not always possible to establish whether the radiation is moving towards the Earth, or whether it is directed away from it. These data become known as the mass separated from the Sun approaches the coronograph itself.
Periodicity of hole formation
It is believed that holes are formed once every two weeks. Most often, this is a natural process associated with a change in the phases of the work of the Sun itself. However, these stages cannot be established, so there are no exact predictions about the time and place of the emergence of new holes yet.
Obviously, the coronal hole on the Sun has an electromagnetic nature. It is formed near the magnetic poles of the star. Through invisible communication channels, the field of the Sun connects with the earth. Information is transferred from one object to another. As a result, the magnetosphere of our planet is excited.
Scientists' observations
Scientists are veryit is important to learn how to predict the time of occurrence of coronal holes, the speed and direction of solar flares. This will allow you to get information about the weather on our planet, problems with the radioactive background, and prepare for these phenomena.
Recent observations show that a huge coronal hole has appeared on the Sun. What consequences it will bring to earthlings is still unknown. It remains only to monitor new outbreaks and see how they affect people's he alth and behavior.
To learn more about the huge coronal hole, you need to track the cycles of the star, you need to analyze the external environment, improve the instruments that study the Sun.
Science is developing, so over the years all this information will be obtained, while these studies are the work of future generations.
