Artistic design (design) is a creative process, as well as a specific design method, with which industrial products are created. This concept is studied by such a discipline as technical aesthetics.
Artistic design goes hand in hand with engineering. At the same time, it allows solving economic, technical and constructive problems. A specialist in artistic design is called an artist-constructor or designer.
Stages of formation
Artistic product design dates back to the middle of the 19th century. The preparatory stage for its formation was the period that began from the very birth of human society, when handicraft production of artisans existed. It was manual labor with primitive technologies. Production at the same time was carried out with the simplest tools and was small-scale. However, each thing released by the master was useful for a person and took into account all his needs. At the same time, all the works of the handicraftsman were aesthetic and exclusive.
The advent of industrial production was characterized by the release of "inhuman and cold things." At this stage, primitive design appeared, when a specialist created prototypes of products produced by workers using machines. At the same time, the engineering staff was engaged in the economy and functionality of the goods. Designers were responsible only for the aesthetic appearance of the product. However, this did not suit the buyers. It turned out that designers, before creating prototypes of goods, need to study the production technology and the properties of the materials used. This was due to the fact that the ease of handling of products was given as much importance as their external forms. That is why engineers and designers, modelers and draftsmen, as well as market researchers began to come to companies that produce artistic design of industrial goods.
Followed by the design stage, combining the innovations of the two previous ones. Specialists began to work in industrial production, using a variety of technologies and materials. The designer has ceased to be a designer and props for his things. He learned to think big, imagining the future creation. At the same time, he thought in advance how his product would affect the environment and how it would get along in it.
The main task of the artistic designer was to preserve the purity of the idea, as well as to create a thing that is attractive to a person, a functionally reasonable form. To do this, the designer needed knowledge ofdemographic situation, sociology of everyday life, physiology, psychology, ergonomics, medicine, etc.
What is the subject of artistic design?
The definition of the main tasks, methods and scope of the designer was given by the international organization of these specialists ICSID, which was founded in 1957. According to the concepts approved by it, the designer should embody those creative principles that exist in technical aesthetics. At the same time, he must adhere to the design methodology. The task of such a specialist is to determine the forms of services and items that meet the needs of a person and make his life fruitful.
The method of artistic design is to develop the initial idea. When creating a future product, the designer collaborates with other specialists, determining the final form of the embodiment of the plan.
The sphere of activity of the artist-designer includes almost all objects created by man. This is especially true for serial and mass-produced goods.
Based on all of the above, the subject of artistic design is technical aesthetics. It is also used in the process of forming a harmoniously developed personality.
Patterns of artistic design
Today there is a certain practical experience, as well as conditions and principles applied in design. When using them, artistic design allows you to create harmonious things. It is they who are in demand by modern man.
Artistic design and design is at the heart of contemporary design art. When creating his things, the author uses social practice, the emotional impact of the surrounding nature and everyday observations. They tell him the ratio of proportions, shadows and colors, as well as plastic forms. At the same time, the author introduces a certain meaning into the product, which makes it possible to evoke aesthetic feelings in the consumer and cheer him up.
Artistic design tools that the designer uses are proportions and volumes, lines and planes, rhythms and colors, as well as a variety of ways to decorate. When applied, the object is given one or another appearance, embodying the image conceived by the author.
An artist-constructor in the process of his work should always think about the end user who will use the thing he created. At the same time, the designer needs to call for help not only the we alth of imagination, but also the knowledge of technology, as well as the basics of craftsmanship. And if earlier, in past centuries, the author's desire for splendor and impressiveness was the basis for the artistic design of things, today specialists create convenient and simple objects.
Proceeding from this, the pattern of modern design is the unity of forms and the practical purpose of things. At the same time, the properties and capabilities of the material used must be in accordance with the technology.manufacturing process.
Design Types
Artistic construction is classified into:
- spiritual art design;
- commercial design;
- industrial design.
Considering the types of artistic design, I would like, first of all, to single out art design from them. This is the most elegant line in the field of creating various things. Design solutions in this area are based on the principles of high (pure) art. It would seem that unusual objects created by artists should not be of interest to all people. However, today the average consumer is also embracing the new direction with a bang. He likes things that express subtle intonations, the warmth of human hands and deep feelings.
The next type of artistic design is commercial design. This is a very serious and responsible business. It represents the design of public spaces and is aimed at making a profit. After all, the buyer, coming to a store, bar or restaurant, should find himself in a stylish and pleasant interior for him. Without a doubt, it is easier for a person to part with money in a chic boutique than in a shabby store.
The third kind of artistic design is industrial design. It is associated with household products produced in an industrial way. High-quality and interesting design of manufactured goods distinguishes them in the consumer market and interests a potential buyer. Today there are varietiesindustrial design, as well as transportation and automotive art design.
Production of beautiful things
Practically all objects surrounding modern man are made with the help of machines and machine tools. But, despite the fact that mass handicraft production is a thing of the distant past, we all want the things we buy to be beautiful. That is why modern design and construction of products is inextricably linked with aesthetics. The development of design is facilitated not only by the increased well-being of the population, but also by the emergence of the latest technologies, as well as ever-increasing competition in the market. It has become important for a person that the objects around him be beautiful and aesthetic. And for this, engineering and artistic design in industrial production must go hand in hand.
Aesthetic criteria for evaluating things
How to create a really beautiful item? To do this, experts use the laws of artistic design, achieving unity of form and content. They create any product in such a way that the proportionality of all its elements is observed. At the same time, the object must certainly be beautiful and represent a single whole. And for this, certain requirements must be met.
First of all, the proportionality of the product must be respected. To do this, the existing form is divided into parts in the horizontal or vertical direction. Proportionality is especially important in the construction of roof frames and ships, the manufacture of chairs and tables, and many other things.
One of the visual propertiesproducts is symmetry. Man has been observing it for many centuries in nature. Using symmetry, people create beautiful and perfect things.
One of the requirements of artistic design is the creation of a dynamic form. It is associated with equal proportions of all parts of the product. Dynamic shapes include planes and trains, gliders and cars.
Another design requirement is the static nature of the subject, associated with its immobility. Unlike dynamic ones, such things are massive and have a clear center of gravity. These are various machines and presses.
Contrast is very important in product composition. He contrasts and highlights the various properties of the subject. For example, the use of white and black colors, high and low elements, rough and smooth surfaces.
When creating things, the designer pays attention to the balance of their form. It is a state when the elements of the right and left sides of the object are balanced with each other. Equilibrium is achieved when all parts of the product are distributed relative to its center.
To create a beautiful thing, an important factor is its color scheme. It serves not only as one of the means of composition, but also as a quality factor. Color helps to emphasize all the features of the shape of an object and create psychological comfort for a person.
The Importance of Artistic Design for Child Development
Kids' activities in kindergarten are very diverse. They help to keep the child interested in variousactivity and its comprehensive perception. Artistic design in kindergarten develops the abilities of kids, their invention, fantasy and creativity. It is a work with various materials, during which aesthetically significant and useful objects are created. Art design classes with paper and cardboard, wood and other materials introduce children to various types of fine arts, showing interest in modeling and drawing, appliqué and other genres. As a result, the child develops cognitive needs. He acquires the ability to peer into the image of sculpture and painting, determining the methods used in the image.
Artistic construction in kindergarten generally meets the needs and interests of toddlers. They use the crafts they make in their games. At the same time, the teacher has a wide opportunity for the moral, mental and aesthetic education of preschoolers.
The basics of artistic design studied by children, along with the acquisition of technical skills, allow to strengthen the ability to analyze surrounding objects, form generalized ideas about the object being created, as well as develop artistic taste and independent thinking.
Paper Handling
Technical and artistic design using this material is studied by preschoolers in separate classes. At the same time, the teaching methodology, as a rule, is based on imitation.
Usingart paper design, children create fairy-tale figurines, crafts decorating the interior, etc. Various techniques can be used in this case. These are twisting and crushing, tearing and cutting, as well as bending. The last two techniques are considered the most difficult. However, it is bending and cutting during those classes where artistic paper design is studied, which are the most common methods in pedagogical practice. Children successfully master them from the age of five. At the age of three or four, teachers offer the child to crumple, twist and tear paper. This is much easier for toddlers.
From Japan, another technique came to us - kirshami. It consists in folding a sheet of paper and cutting it in different directions. At the same time, figurines of animals and men, flowers and snowflakes, etc. are created. This technique is distinguished by great artistry. Here, the child is required to strictly follow the order of actions and repeat them many times.
Meaning of paperwork
Artistic construction from this material expands the horizons of children. At the same time, preschoolers gain knowledge about the properties of paper and the possibilities of its use. In addition, kids are taught the skills of planning their activities. Working with paper, children draw conclusions and perform the simplest analysis, choose the right form and competently compose a composition. Such work contributes to the development of accuracy, and also teaches respect for the material used. Children beginto model, while choosing the most unexpected uses for the objects they created.
Artistic construction at school
The aesthetic education of children is continued in the lower grades. It also teaches the basics of artistic design. Students are given technical tasks, the solution of which requires mental effort. At the same time, children learn how to handle tools and process the material used.
At the lessons at school, students learn about the possibility of various combinations of means of expression used in artistic design.
This contributes to the formation of the child's spatial thinking, as well as the correct color perception. The student receives not only design knowledge, but also forms knowledge of composition. All this helps to perceive the beauty of the world around.
Classes in artistic design can be conducted in different ways. The creation of new items is sometimes done under the dictation of the teacher. The teacher only shows the children the structural details and demonstrates the basic techniques for their manufacture. After that, the students copy the actions of the teacher.
Designing can be carried out according to analogues. At the same time, children create objects under the direct supervision of the teacher. Then they are invited to make their own similar design.
It is possible to create any object according to the model. At the same time, students should analyze the finished structure and independentlydetermine the number and shape of the required parts, as well as the sequence of their assembly. Such activities allow children to acquire independence in search activities.
Artistic design can be studied by creating an object according to one's own plan, according to given conditions, or in a team of 2-4 people.
