Many people know what debt is. The sticky unpleasant feeling that hides inside and constantly reminds of money bondage is hated by all people without exception. But the meaning of the word is not limited to the financial component. A synonym for the word "duty" is a duty, a duty. The concept described in the article can also be interpreted in a similar way.
Ancient times
Gradually, with the development of a person as a person, many moral aspects and manifestations appeared in his life. They are inherent only to him, distinguishing him from the animal world. Such aspects include mutual assistance, friendship, marital fidelity, and so on. Of course, these qualities are also found in some other biological species. But it is man who pays the most attention to them, since they play a significant role in his life and, in general, have a beneficial effect on the course of evolution.
Later, with the development of a more or less civilized society, various aspects gradually appeared, which again are inherent only to man. For example, something likeduty, duty. So what is debt, what are its types and what does it consist of? In this we will try to answer all the questions.
Definition
Before considering this phenomenon in detail, let's analyze the terminology. This word can be applied to a variety of situations, but they all share the same essence. According to the dictionary, debt is an obligation by which one person transfers monetary or other value to another. It is obligatory to return in the future in the same or increased amount, depending on the circumstances and the elapsed time. The subject of debt can be money, other material values, or simply moral obligations. But first things first.
Debt is a way to get assets that the borrower lacks to implement some of his plans. For example, money is borrowed to open a business, buy a home, and so on. But since there is always the possibility that the finances will not be returned, lenders usually put collateral conditions. For example, if the borrower becomes bankrupt, then his property or other valuables go to pay off the debt. But why lend at all?
Interest
Even in the days of the communal system, we althy people quickly realized that debt is an effective method of increasing their we alth. The whole point is that only close friends or relatives will lend without interest. And those who do this professionally, be sure to assign certain percentages. For example, if the borrowertook a thousand rubles, then in a month he must return 1,500. Such activity is called usury. At all times, it was often condemned by citizens, but nevertheless it was not forbidden. Often, moneylenders deliberately set unfavorable conditions for the borrower, seeing his hopeless situation. After all, if he does not return the money, then his property, farm, etc. can be taken away. So for someone, debt is a source of income. But, there are other types of it.
Moral
When they mention this word, they most often mean monetary obligations. But, apart from them, there is such a thing as moral duty. In the case of him, the subject of obligations are intangible values, and moral and social aspects that a person is obliged to follow.
Often such debts arise by themselves. For example, taking care of your old and infirm parents is the moral duty of every person, since these people once gave him life and took care of him for many years until their heir grew up and became independent. Of course, in contrast to money, one cannot be forced to fulfill a moral duty. Everything is built only on the moral aspects of a person and his conscience. And often there is someone who does not want to follow them. As you can see, we have analyzed the meaning of the word "debt". So now we know what it is.
Military and State
In a number of some countries, including Russia, there is universal conscription. Its meaning is that every adult resident of a male country is required to passserve in the army, learn the basics of military craft or get a speci alty in order to defend their state in case of war. This is called military duty. And for avoiding it without objective reasons, a person faces criminal liability.
In the process of development and formation of any state, there may be moments when the internal budget may not be enough for certain purposes. And then it can borrow money from another country. Such debt is called public debt.
