In addition to the members of the sentence, grammatically organized compounds may include components that do not enter into a syntactic relationship with other words. Such, for example, are proposals with appeals. An address is a word or several words that name the person to whom the speech is directed. As a rule, this is a noun in the nominative case, often a proper name (single or with dependent words).
"Have you visited, Nadezhda, that very sensational gallery in Moscow?"
"Our affairs, dear friends, are not the best!"
Other parts of speech that perform the functions of a noun (adjectives, participles, numerals, etc.) can also act as an address.
“This, dear ones, does not fit into any framework!”
Hey you two! Get out of this courtyard quickly!”
A sentence with an appeal can contain it at the beginning, middle or end. The appeal is always separated by commas, and at the end of the sentence the sign that is most appropriate in meaning is put.
"Anna, make yourself at home!"; “You, my dears, obviously do not yet know about the consequencesyour act?" “Would you like to rest before the road, Gleb Borisovich?”
Sentences with address and subject in the nominative case
In order not to confuse the treatment with the subject and avoid a punctuation error, you must remember that:
- The appeal has no syntactic connection with other members of the sentence, so it is impossible to raise a question from it;
- If the noun is the subject, then the predicate has the form of the third person, and if the appeal - then the second;
- The appeal has a special expressive coloring.
Sentences with appeals - punctuation
Despite the outward simplicity in design, there are several rules that must be remembered. Please note that the same word can act as different members of a sentence (depending on the context). Calls are highlighted along with all dependent words.
"You, my beloved brothers, can cast aside all doubts from now on!"
Several hits in a row are separated by commas or exclamation marks.
Anna! My dear, what are you doing here at this late hour?”
There is no comma between the appeals connected by the conjunctions "and" or "yes".
"How are you, Daria and Marya?"
If the union "and" is repeated during homogeneous calls, then the first of them is not preceded by a sign.
"Immediately return home after school and Anton and Maxim!"
Particle "o" inside a sentence withappeals is not separated from it by any signs. However, if "o" is an interjection and has the meaning "ah", it is separated from the address by a sign (comma or exclamation mark).
"O white nights, how beautiful you are!"
"Oh, Vasily Petrovich, what kind of morals are these days!"
If there is an "a" or "yes" particle before the repeated invocation, they won't get rid of it with a comma.
"A cat, a cat!"
Proposals with appeals - note
Usually, the personal pronouns "you" and "you" play the role of the subject, although sometimes they can act as addresses, either by themselves or as part of phrases.
"How did you get to this godforsaken place, brother?"
"Could I be a little angry, my dear?"
