Many people perceive the philological sciences as something very vague and abstract. They know that this process is related to the study of languages, but they do not have more detailed information. And only those who graduated from the Faculty of Philology can accurately and fascinatingly reveal all aspects of verbal science.
Science concept
Philology is a science that studies the spirituality of different peoples, analyzes their writing, comprehends in detail the features of a particular language, and then collects the knowledge gained into a single whole.
It is known that written texts are one of the sources reflecting the history of the people. The first of these appeared in the form of comments on complex words found in dictionaries, treatises, and religious writings. Homer was the first to have his notes scrutinized.
Philology includes many subjects, and each of them is engaged in its own branch. Romano-Germanic philology, for example, is the most widespread in the world, as it analyzes Romance and Germanic languages.languages.
The Romance languages include:
- French;
- Italian;
- Spanish and others.
The German group is among many studying English and German, one of the most common languages today.
Development history
Philological sciences appeared long ago, back in Ancient Greece. First there was their emergence, then development (during the Middle Ages), and already in the Renaissance - flowering in full force. The very concept of "philology" began to take shape in the 18th century. Then it was only about the classical branch, after which the Slavic one subsequently arose. The founder of the Slavic branch is the Czech scientist Dobrovsky Yosef.
It is easy to understand the reason why the development of philology began. Europeans became interested in their national roots, sources, development trends. This was facilitated by the formation of a romantic worldview at that time, as well as the beginning of the struggle against the Turkish invaders.
As for other types of science: each of them studies a certain industry and the peoples related to it in great depth. There are many public organizations in the world that are engaged in one common cause, gather from time to time and exchange their achievements.
Complex Sciences
To fully understand what philology does, it is worth revealing which philological sciences are its components:
- Linguistics. The second name is linguistics, which studies the very essence of the language, its function, structure.
- Literary criticism. Examines the history of literature, its development and influence on the culture of the people.
- Folklore. Folk art, folklore, myths and legends are the main subjects of study.
- Textology. The focus of her attention is the works of various authors, the history of their appearance and further fate.
- Palaeography. This science studies ancient manuscripts, their forms, styles, time and place of creation.
As you can see from this information, philological sciences study language from all possible angles.
Famous philologists
Who is a philologist? He is a linguist. This figure studies in depth the specifics of a particular language, draws conclusions about the spiritual heritage of the people who speak it. Russian philologists made a huge contribution to the creation and development of the Russian language.
- Lomonosov M. V. was the founder of Russian grammar. He was one of the first to lay down the style of the language. What we now know about parts of speech is the merit of Mikhail Vasilyevich. Being a skilled poet, he laid the foundation for different styles.
- Vostokov A. Kh. studied exclusively grammar and wrote many books on this subject.
- Potebnya A. A. studied Russian and Ukrainian languages, paid much attention to grammar.
- Shakhmatov A. A. studied the origin of the language. Wrote several papers on the subject of Russian language syntax.
- Peshkovsky A. M. singled out intonation in speech as a grammaticala tool that helps to express thoughts correctly.
- Shcherba L. V. was the discoverer of the words of the state category and talked about the role of the noun and the verb in the sentence.
- Vinogradov V. V. studied the history of Russian linguistics. Wrote many books about the styles of the Russian language used in their writings by various writers. His contribution to the lexicology and phraseology of the language is especially valuable.
- Karamzin N. M. was engaged in the study of the church Russian language, significantly brought closer the literary and colloquial style of communication.
- Ushakov D. N. studied spelling, lexicology, dialectology. Wrote 4 volumes of an explanatory dictionary containing 90,000 entries. Work on this project has been going on for 6 years.
- Dal V. I. is known to everyone as the author of the Big Explanatory Dictionary, which in itself shows the depth of his study of the Russian language.
Philology of the Russian language
Russian philology is part of a huge Slavic section that studies the Russian people and their heritage. Back in the 17th century, the collection of data on ancient manuscripts was started by Count Rumyantsev.
In the 18th century, Lomonosov wrote two famous books on the grammar of the language and the advantages of the church language, which continued the study of stylistics. Until now, Russian philologists do not stop working, continuing to analyze various styles, dialects and phraseological units. Only now they are already modern figures who not only write works, but also share their discoveries with university students. After all, mostphilologists works in higher educational institutions and research institutes.
Foreign Philology
This branch of science is aimed at the study of foreign languages, their history and features. The literary heritage, works are studied in detail, a detailed analysis of styles and dialects is made, knowledge of which greatly affects a person's ability to speak and understand a native speaker of the language being studied. A large role is given to the practice of translation.
You can study the rules of spelling, grammar and phonetics for a long time, but without practical speech training you will not be able to speak and translate correctly.
How to become a philologist
You can become a philologist and devote yourself to the most interesting science by enrolling in the Faculty of Philology. There are many educational institutions offering such speci alties. Some of them have departments dealing with different branches of linguistics: it can be Slavic, Indo-European, Romano-Germanic philology.
Choosing a direction, each student decides for himself which language and people he is most interested in and whose spirituality will be interesting to study. The best philological faculties in Russia are famous for such educational institutions as:
- Moscow State University;
- Russian State University for the Humanities;
- Nizhny Novgorod State University named after Dobrolyubov;
- Southern Federal University;
- Pyatigorsk Linguistic State University;
- IrkutskLinguistic State University;
- Moscow State Linguistic University.
This is a list of the most popular establishments among young people. But there are still many faculties in other universities where you can study your favorite direction.
