All children from early childhood dream of becoming someone. Some want to be pilots, others - astronauts, and others - TV presenters. However, in addition to such grandiose plans for the future, there are also smaller aspirations, such as helping parents around the house, participating in school activities, and completing creative assignments. The latter, as a rule, include needlework: girls learn to sew and knit, and boys begin to work with various tools and learn the basics of repairing and making new products. When the first steps in this business are assimilated, the boys want to start more complex tasks, therefore, when they find themselves in the school technology room, they immediately become motivated to stand at some machine and use it to make something. As a rule, a technology teacher teaches how to work with a drilling machine, then with a lathe. These are already more serious devices that deserve special attention.
Types of lathes
A bit of theory about lathes. It will be useful to know about their main types, since the gener althe idea of these devices can broaden our horizons, increase the amount of knowledge in this area, and this, in turn, will allow us to boldly carry out operations during work (it’s just arranged: the more we know, the more confident we feel).
- Screw cutter. Designed for processing metals (ferrous or non-ferrous), making cones and various types of threads from them.
- Turret machine. It also has the purpose of manufacturing parts from metals. Works with calibrated bars, which are long metal sticks that can be machined.
- Carousel. Helps out when you need to work on large blanks.
- Multi-cutting machine. It is very good to use it for mass or serial production of parts, mechanisms, devices. They provide the ability to process the workpiece with several cutters at once.
- Machines with manual, foot and electric drive. The first two set the workpiece in motion by hand or foot, respectively. Such machines are well suited where there is no power supply. In the latter, the product is rotated by a motor that works by supplying current to it.
There is also a classification of machines according to the material with which they can work. Depending on this, these devices are divided into lathes for metal and wood. Today we’ll talk about the latter form, since it is most often used in practice at school and at home.
Wood lathe: device anddestination
Wood lathe is a device powered by electricity and intended for processing wooden blanks in the form of a body of revolution. It allows you to actually sharpen the material, cut it, as well as clean it with sandpaper.
These operations are performed using a special tool - a chisel. This is a hand tool that consists of a wooden or plastic handle with a metal sharp tip, which can have different shapes. With the help of a chisel blade, unnecessary material is removed from the workpiece, and due to this, a product of the desired type with the correct design is obtained.
The process of processing the product itself is carried out by combining two types of movement: rotational (comes from the workpiece itself using a lathe) and translational (comes from the chisel, regulated by the worker).
Wood lathe STD 120
It's time to learn about the internal and external components of the device we are considering. It should be noted that the STD 120 model is the most common and widely used in schools. Therefore, it will be useful to know both for a simple citizen and for an ordinary student the device of a wood lathe. The description with the corresponding diagram-drawing is shown below:
- Belttransfer. Its task is to transfer rotational motion from the electric motor to the spindle.
- Electric motor. Its purpose is to generate a rotational movement with the help of electric current, which is then transmitted to the workpiece through a belt drive and spindle.
- Spindle. This is one of the parts of the wood lathe, which acts as the left attachment of the workpiece. The spindle also closes the circuit for transmitting rotational motion from the electric motor to the workpiece.
- Headstock. It is designed to support the belt drive mechanism and spindle.
- Handler. This part of the lathe serves as a support for the chisel during the processing of the product.
- Tailstock. This part is necessary for fixing workpieces of different lengths, and also acts as the right fastening of the product. It has a movable mechanism, thanks to which it can move along the lower part of the machine to the left and right side. This allows the worker to insert short, medium or long workpieces into the machine.
- Keyboard. Here are the buttons for turning the lathe on and off.
The question arises: "Which device of the wood lathe is the most important?". In principle, all components are necessary for correct and safe operation, so a definite answer to this question cannot be given.
STD 120M machine
The device of the STD 120M wood lathe will be described in this section. Its name is almost the samelike the previous one, but in fact it is not. Please pay attention to the ending: there is the name of another model of a wood lathe. It is a modernized version (hence the letter "M" after 120) wood lathe STD 120. It has several features:
- The presence of protective mechanisms against flying chips while working with the workpiece, represented by special transparent plastic panels.
- Possibility of automatic cleaning of the machine with built-in cleaning mechanisms.
- Several options for spindle attachments that can be changed. This greatly simplifies the compatibility of workpieces with the machine.
- Improved belt drive for faster workpiece rotation.
- Convenient keypad location.
Safety rules when working with a wood lathe
This device can be dangerous to life and limb if not properly prepared. However, work becomes absolutely safe and comfortable if safety precautions are observed.
Preparation:
- The worker must wear special clothing, goggles and gloves.
- It is necessary that the workpiece has primary manual processing.
- There should be no unnecessary items on the machine.
- Before work, you need to check the status of allparts of the lathe, especially the belt drive, spindle and keypad.
- The operation of the machine should be checked. To do this, you can let him idle a little.
- The handpiece should be set at a distance of 2 to 3 cm from the workpiece.
In progress.
- In no case should you stretch your hands to a rotating workpiece, tilt your head strongly towards it, move away from a working machine.
- The chisel should be brought smoothly, avoiding sudden movements.
- From time to time you need to turn off the machine to safely move the hand rest to the workpiece, reducing the increasing distance between them.
After finishing work.
- It is necessary to turn off the machine, remove the finished product from it.
- Clean the chips with a special brush or other cleaning tools.
- Return used tools to their original places.
Home use
To work with a wood lathe at home, you must first prepare a special room for it. If this is not possible, then a small corner with an area of at least 4 m2 will do 2. The area around the machine must be free from foreign objects. Before work, be sure to warn your family so that no one interferes with each other.
School office use
Work only under the guidance of a technology teacher or an experienced class tutor. Further terms of useremain the same. The only thing to remember is the need to coordinate your actions with the teacher. Often, students begin to self-will, because of which there are conflicts between them and the teacher, which is not the best way to reflect on their academic performance.
School lathes
Since the beginning of the article was devoted to the creative development of boys, it cannot be emphasized that such a great opportunity appears precisely in the technology room. Here you can cut with a saw and cut something with a jigsaw. But, of course, the most interesting begins with the study of the device of a wood lathe. Grade 6 - this is the very time when the student begins to take his first steps in this area of knowledge. He will have to learn how to make products, first with the help of a teacher, and then himself. Then the student will only begin to expand his skills. He may have the opportunity to work on a more advanced STD 120M model. But in order for the training to be as effective as possible, and the practice to be safe, of course, you will first need to get to know the STD 120 modification in more detail, having again studied the structure of the wood lathe. Grade 7 will provide such an opportunity.
Some tips
Experienced people recommend first of all to be patient and carefully prepare for work on the machine. If you rush, you can lose sight of some of the safety points. Also, many advise to specifically set aside time for work, because it often takes a considerable number of hours.
Bcompletion
Wood lathes are indispensable tools in the manufacture of practically useful or decorative products. Having been widely used in past centuries, these devices have not lost their relevance today.
