What is this - a lyrical plot? What are its features? What characteristic features does he have? How does the lyrical plot develop?
General information
A lyrical plot in literature is the life of characters in the space-time dimension in a broad sense. Or, more simply, the chain of events that were recreated in the work. At the same time, when the situation changes, the character moves across the edge of the semantic field, which is associated with cognitive transformations.
A feature of the lyrics is the preservation of subjective syncretism, and the plot reflects the process of cognitive activity of the creator-author. At the same time, the subjective sphere is connected, forming an organization and a single space-time continuum. The lyrical plot reveals the author's intentions, on the basis of which the picture of the surrounding world is formed, which is embodied in the literary text.
How did this point of view form?
Initially, the lyrical plot of the work attracted the attention of Hegel. He paid special attention to the action and the event. The first, from the point of view of the philosopher, is the dynamic unity of what is happening. Hegel substantiated the plot as an aesthetic category. At the same time, the eventconsidered not as an ordinary incident, but as an action, which is carried out with a special purpose, the execution of which is scheduled.
This point of view was further developed in the works of Tamarchenko, Bakhtin and a number of others. At the same time, special attention was paid to the "target" nature of the concept. The plot was systematically studied by Shklovsky, Tomashevsky, Tynyanov, Vygotsky. It was the representatives of Russian literary criticism who managed to form the simplest construction of the plot, which is known to many: the plot - the climax - the denouement.
Tomashevsky showed the greatest efficiency in this matter. Although one should not ignore Tynyanov, who defined the plot as connections of verbal dynamics. This worldview has become widespread due to the formal opposition of vital material and the influence by which it is transformed into a work of artistic text.
Cut Diamond
In the study of archaic material, attention was paid not to the location of events, but to the semantics of traditional elements (such as function and motive). It was deduced that the plot from a temporal point of view is the organizing center of events. The type of hero used also has an impact. So, in the epic there are trials and the process of becoming, in the drama there are tragic and comic developments of situations.
A plot type can be classified depending on the universal structural scheme that dominates it. It can be cumulative or cyclical. Moreover, the structure depends on the genre. This is relevant forall works of art, although in the case of lyrics there are certain distinctive features.
Thus, the lyrical plot and its movement depend on the space-time continuum and the subject as the structural components of the entire line and a separate event that occurs on a certain part of it. By the way, for quite a long time, the installation that Hegel formed in his writings worked with respect to it. He thought that in the lyrics the form and content depend on the subject.
The philosopher believed that unity creates not an external reason, but a way of perceiving an object and a subjective inner movement of the soul. Therefore, the lyrics depended on the personal qualities of their creator.
But over time, the subject-object approach became widespread in the art world. How did they get together? The subject organization interacted with the objective realities of reality, which was transformed by the author into an artistic form. The period of formation of this approach includes the golden and silver age of literature, that is, until the beginning of the 20th century.
Changes
In order to modify the above point of view, it took a lot of research in the field of literary criticism, philosophy and psychology. The new vision was framed in the concept of Bakhtin, who interpreted subjectivity as the possibility of "coexistence of consciousnesses". Based on it, in the 21st century they deduced the "genetic code" of lyrics - subjective syncretism. It is now recognized that all the elements that are involved in the formation of the plot havewith its own characteristics. Because of this, the general description and characterization of the lyrics will become more complicated.
Complementing the picture of the world
Traditionally, lyrics, based on its specific eventfulness, were considered plotless (or plotless). An example is Zhirmunsky, who calls it a non-plot genre. Although they still admit that there is a distinctive feature embodied in the word. Zhirmunsky's reasoning partially intersects with the thoughts of Tomashevsky, who pays special attention to the semantic unit. For him, the word acted as such. At the same time, attention was paid to the artistically valuable sound complex, the emphasis was on its manifestations in poetry.
The peculiarity of Tomashevsky's vision is that he considers not the causal chain of events, but the development of a verbal theme. This feature of the lyrical plot in a slightly different interpretation will be considered by Bakhtin. Tomashevsky singled out three parts of any work:
- Introducing the topic.
- Her development.
- Closing the poem.
Existing points of view
In the 17s of the last century, the problem of the lyrical plot was actively discussed by literary critics. Regardless of their positions, the participants in the discussion reached a consensus on one thing - the need to proceed from subject-object relations. In other matters, different interpretations were put forward. Thus, some tended to view the plot as a movement of emotions that connect the individual elements of the text.
At the same time, you can observecomplexity, depth, emotional richness, conciseness and the greatest brevity when information and narrative material is used to a minimum. At the same time, the lyrics show the truth through personal experiences of reality.
About structure
According to many researchers, the development of a lyrical plot is subject to hierarchical relationships. This is understood as a situation when the hero of the work becomes the spiritual, emotional and structural center of the poem. At the same time, he can remain anonymous, and his image is completed by the movement of the lyrical plot.
As the basis that bears the whole structure, an empirical element is recognized that reflects living reality. Some do not agree with this. And they believe that both the lyrical "I" and the empirical element are just forms of the author's consciousness. And as an alternative, the concept of experiencing an event is proposed. In this case, a system of figurative and expressive means of the story is built.
Let's consider an example
And as an object for study, we will choose the great creator of the 19th century, who gave the pearls of works of art - Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. He had an interesting writing style: he wrote about things that a lot of people care about - the meaning of life, friendship, tyranny, love.
And the modern reader is excited by his works and made to experience together with the lyrical hero. And it is found in all his creations. Pushkin's lyrical plot creates a complex and multifacetedhero. He is patriotic, freedom-loving, protests against despotism and tyranny. The hero believes that justice will prevail. You can be convinced of this by familiarizing yourself with his worldview. He loves, close to nature, talks about meaning. A subject with positive personal qualities is revealed before us.
The lyrical hero of Pushkin was greatly influenced by his friendship with the Decembrists. In his famous ode "Liberty" the thirst for justice and impulses for freedom lashes. It promotes the idea that an enlightened ruler, a person who understands the responsibility that lies with him, should govern the country. Although Pushkin paid attention to more familiar and ordinary feelings for a wide range of people. Let's look at one of his works.
Winter morning
This poem was not written in the best state of mind. Then Pushkin's life was full of loneliness and sadness. But despite this, the lyrical plot of "Winter Morning" sings of the beauty of the Russian winter. The magic of nature is beautifully revealed in this poem. Without exaggeration, this work is one of the best representatives of the genre of landscape lyrics. Even its name sounds romantic. It brings to mind a beautiful picture of Russian nature, trees in their dazzling snowy decoration, beckoning with their cold calmness.
Structurally, "Winter Morning" consists of five stanzas, each of them is a six-line. The first conveys admiration for the Russian frostyin winter. The lyrical hero gently calls his beloved to wake up. In the second stanza, yesterday evening is recalled, full of indignation and violence of the elements. Such a contrast allows the lyrical hero to admire the wonderful weather even more. Then the reader is transferred to a warm, cozy room, where logs crackle cheerfully in the oven, and you can not be afraid of cold and cold. And finally, wonderful winter landscapes rise before us again.
Creating a piece of art
In the poem "Winter Morning" we come across a vivid image of a beautiful frosty winter morning: sky, sun, ice, river, hoarfrost, spruce. Pushkin also successfully uses verbs that give the text the dynamics of life: appear, wake up, turn black, turn green.
And what phrases! A wonderful day, transparent forest, magnificent carpets, cheerful crackling, amber shine, dear friend - all these positive epithets awaken joyful emotions and good mood in the reader's soul (as Dmitry Anatolyevich bequeathed to us). And at the same time, Pushkin uses words with a negative connotation to describe the evening bad weather: dark clouds, in a cloudy sky. For a blizzard, he uses personification, which gives it the properties characteristic of a person: angry, worn.
There is a peculiar syntactic structure of the language in "Winter Morning". Initially, the author uses declarative sentences that are easy to read. Then the plot changes, he becomes agitated. Exclamatory sentences appear. Questions arise, one of whichis rhetorical.
Also, when creating Pushkin, appeals are widely used: lovely friend, beauty. In addition to them, there is a direct speech in the poem, as well as introductory words. All this makes the reader feel as if he is involved in the events described. Before us stands a lyrical hero who is poetic, able to see the beauty and loving the nature of his native land. The joyful and cheerful tone gives readers a sense of something festive and bright.
Conclusion
So we looked at what a lyrical plot is. And, mind you, from two different points of view. Initially, literary criticism helped us to understand this. Then we moved on to one of the most beautiful examples of lyrics, found out in what conditions it was created, what is remarkable, and also considered subtle, but at the same time very important points, without which "Winter Morning" would not have been a recognized poem of the great genius. Well, perhaps among the readers there will be someone who will adopt these approaches. Then the appearance of a new Pushkin is just around the corner.
