Let's talk about what OVR is in inorganic and organic synthesis.
Process definition
Redox reactions are processes that will change the oxidation state of two or more chemical elements in complex or simple substances.
What is oxidation
Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which an atom or a certain ion gives up electrons, while lowering its original oxidation state. This process is typical for metals.
What is recovery
Under the reduction process is meant a chemical transformation, as a result of which the oxidation state of an ion or a simple substance will decrease, while electrons are added. This reaction is typical for non-metals and acid residues.
Characteristic of reducing agent
Considering the question of what OVR is, one cannot ignore such a concept as a “reductor”.
It means a neutral molecule or a charged ion, which, as a result of chemical interaction, will give to anotheran electron to an ion or an atom, while increasing its oxidation state.
Determination of oxidizing agent
When discussing what OVR is, it is also important to mention such a term as "oxidizer". It is customary to mean such ions or neutral atoms that, during chemical interaction, will accept negative electrons from other atoms or neutral particles. At the same time, its original oxidation state will decrease.
Types of OVR
When discussing what OVR is, it is necessary to note those varieties of these processes that are most often considered in inorganic and organic synthesis.
Intermolecular interactions involve such processes in which the atoms of both the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent are located in different initial substances that interact. An example of this type of transformation is the interaction between manganese oxide (4) and hydrochloric acid solution, which results in the formation of gaseous chlorine, divalent manganese chloride, and also water.
In the chemical process under consideration, chlorine anions appear as a reducing agent, oxidizing as they interact. The manganese cation (with an oxidation state of +4) exhibits oxidizing abilities in the reaction, accepting two electrons, it is reduced.
Intramolecular interaction is such chemical transformations, in the course of which both the atoms of the reducing agent and the atoms of the oxidizing agent are initially one starting substance, and afterWhen the conversion is completed, they end up in various reaction products.
An example of this type of reaction is the decomposition of potassium chlorate. When heated, this substance will turn into potassium chloride and oxygen. Oxidizing properties will be characteristic of the chlorate anion, which, accepting five electrons in the reaction, will be reduced, turning into chloride.
In this case, the oxygen anion will exhibit reducing properties, oxidizing to molecular oxygen. So what is OVR in this case? This is the process of transferring electrons between ions, resulting in the formation of two reaction products.
Also, this type of chemical transformations that occur with a change in the oxidation states of elements originally in the same formula includes the process of decomposition of ammonium nitrite. Nitrogen standing in the ammonium cation, having an oxidation state of -3, gives up six electrons during the process and is oxidized to molecular nitrogen. And the nitrogen that is part of nitrite accepts six electrons, while being a reducing agent, and during the reaction it is oxidized.
What is OVR in chemistry? The definition discussed above indicates that these are transformations associated with changes in the oxidation states of several elements.
Self-oxidation and reduction (disproportion) involves such processes, during which one initial atom acts as a reducing agent and oxidizing agent, which will increase and simultaneously decrease its oxidation state after the completion of the interaction. Thinking about it,what is OVR in chemistry, examples of such transformations can be found even in a high school chemistry course. The decomposition of potassium sulfite when heated leads to the formation of two s alts of this metal: sulfide and sulfate. Sulfur with an oxidation state of +4 exhibits both reducing and oxidizing properties, raising and lowering the oxidation state.
To understand what OVR means in chemistry, let's name another type of such chemical transformations. Counterproportionation involves such processes, as a result of which the atoms of the reducing agent and the oxidizing agent are in the composition of different initial components, but on the right side they form one reaction product. For example, when sulfur oxide (4) interacts with hydrogen sulfide, sulfur and water will be formed. A sulfur ion with an oxidation state of +4 will take four electrons, and a sulfur ion with an oxidation state of -2 will lose two electrons. As a result, both of them turn into a simple substance, in which the oxidation state is zero.
Conclusion
Considering the question of what OVR is in chemistry, we note that these are numerous transformations due to which living organisms function, various natural processes and phenomena occur. In order to arrange the coefficients in such equations, you need to draw up an electronic balance.
