In order to understand the spelling of participles with the particle not, you need to remember what a participle is. We know that this is a form of the verb that denotes a sign in action and has the properties of both a verb and an adjective.
Not spelled together with participles:
- when this part of speech is formed from a word that is not used without a particle not.
For example: hated. Hated by everyone, he tried not to be seen;
- in the case when the particle does not help to form a full participle a new concept, becoming a prefix. It is easy to check this by replacing such a word with a synonym or an expression close in meaning. For example: failed material (new material);
- in the case when the sacrament has a dependent adverb, in the meaning of measure and degree: completely unexplored material.
Not with participles write separately:
- with full participles, if there is opposition using the union a. For example: The house was left unfinished, but simply built from improvised materials;
- if there are dependent words with full participles, except for adverbs in the meaning of measure and degree. For example: On the mountain, the house that he had not completed was still standing;
- if the sentence already contains negation. For example: No, this onehouse unfinished;
- with short participles is not always written separately: This house is not completed;
Order of reasoning when writing without participles
Before deciding how to write a negative particle without participles, determine in what form, short or full, this part of speech is. If in short, then write separately.
If there is a full communion, we remember whether it is possible to use it without not. If not, then you need to write together.
If the participle is used without this particle, then we look for oppositions with the union a. The presence of opposition says that we do not write with participles separately.
If it is not there, then we are looking for the underlined negation. When there is a negation, it is not written separately.
If there is no negation, then we are looking for dependent words for this part of speech. There are no such words - so we write the particle together. If there are dependent words, then we look at which ones. The adverb of measure and degree allows you to write a particle not together with participles. If there is another part of speech, write separately.
How to distinguish between a participle and a verbal adjective
In order to correctly write the particle no, you need to learn how to determine which one
part of speech before us: participle or adjective.
The main thing is that participles, as a rule, denote a sign that occurs during the action of the object itself or due to the action on it. This is a temporary sign. For example: flyingaircraft is the aircraft currently flying.
And the adjective is a constant feature of the subject: a volatile gas. That is, a gas that has certain chemical characteristics.
The participle is combined with the same words as the verb from which it is formed: launched, launched. And the adjective can act in combination with nouns with which the verb does not form phrases. For example: attractive appearance, but you cannot say: attract appearance.
So we've covered the basic steps for correct non-participle spelling and learned how to distinguish it from a verbal adjective.
