Not every monarch manages to leave such a memory as this woman. When historians talk about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the second half of the 19th century, they call the country Victorian England, and the very period of time from 1837 to 1901, during which Queen Victoria ruled, is called the Victorian era. But the beginning of the tale was not at all rosy…
Alexandrina Victoria was the only child in the family of Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent from the Hanoverian dynasty, and Princess of one of the German principalities Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. Victoria's mother first married at the age of 17, but it was as if she was destined to carry the widow's cross. The first husband died 11 years after the wedding, leaving the woman with two children. The second marriage took place in 1818. The groom (the Duke of Kent) was at that time over 50. Just 8 months after the birth of his only daughter, he dies of pneumonia (an inventionantibiotics were yet to come), 6 days ahead of his father, King George III of Britain.
The future Queen Victoria was born on May 24, 1819 in the modest Kensington Palace on the outskirts of London. Although Victoria was only fifth in line to the throne, and the chances of taking it were slim, the Duke of Kent believed that other heirs could challenge Victoria's rights to the throne in the future if she was not born on British soil. Therefore, he insisted on moving from Germany to England. For the newborn girl, the name Victoria was chosen. The godfather of the baby was the Russian emperor Alexander I, therefore the second name of the future queen was Alexandrina. Her family called her Drina.
Victoria was born into a royal family, but her childhood passed in rather cramped conditions (her father left them a legacy of debt).
After the death of her father and grandfather, Victoria is already third in line to the throne after her two childless uncles. George IV, who had been regent for his sick father since 1811, becomes king. The new king weighed more than 120 kilograms, loved luxury and entertainment. Although he was a fan of the books of Jane Austen, he patronized the artists of his time, but the daughter of his late brother irritated the king. He reluctantly allowed Victoria and her mother to move to Kensington Palace and approved the girl for a small allowance. Mother's brother Leopold (future King of Belgium) paid for her education.
Victoria did not attend school, studied at home history, geography, mathematics, basicsreligion, playing the piano and drawing. In the first three years of her life, she spoke only German, but then quickly mastered English and French. The conservative mother protected her from the worst aspects of royal life, instilled in her daughter noble values and brilliant manners. After the death of three uncles who separated the princess from the throne, Queen Victoria assumed the throne at the age of 18.
She ruled the country for 63 years, 7 months and 2 days (from 1837 to 1901), until today, remaining the longest-serving monarch on the British throne. At the age of 21, the Queen of Britain married her cousin, Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, a German prince. They were married on February 10, 1840 in the chapel of the royal palace in St. James.
During the reign of Victoria, Britain became a powerful empire that subjugated a quarter of the world, its soldiers fought on many fronts. The country's population doubled and became predominantly urban. Slavery was abolished. Cities had running water, gas, electricity, police, asph alt roads and pedal bicycles, the first postage stamps and comics, as well as the world's first underground (the famous London Pipe). Factories and railways were built, photography was invented, rubber tires, the first mailboxes and sewing machines were invented. Drina, following her husband Albert, patronized new technologies and was interested in them. Under her, laws on the education of children appeared and the mass opening of schools began.
Queen Victoria became the first monarch to live inBuckingham Palace. She loved singing, painted a lot all her life, wrote books, went to the opera and was very happily married. However, the death of her husband shocked the Queen. Albert was her real assistant both in ruling the country and in family life. She mourned his death for almost 10 years and wore mourning for the rest of her life and did not show emotions in public. Left a widow at 42, the Queen of Britain struggled to find the strength to return to her duties and children.
Victoria and Albert had nine children, 40 grandchildren and 37 great-grandchildren. Eight royal children sat on the thrones of Europe. All lived to adulthood, which was a rarity in the 19th century. However, as it turned out later, Queen Victoria was a carrier of the hemophilia gene, spreading the disease through morganatic marriages to many European royal families, including the family of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, whose wife Alexandra was the granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The only heir to the Russian throne, Tsarevich Alexei, suffered greatly from this disease.
Queen Victoria herself, whose biography has excited more than one generation of historians, successfully survived seven assassination attempts and died at the age of 81 from a stroke. She is buried at the Frogmore Mausoleum in Windsor. The current Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II, and her husband, Prince Albert, are Victoria's great-great-great-grandchildren.
