The Nart epic is a monumental cultural monument of the Circassians, as well as other peoples of the Caucasus. The creation of this majestic source of traditions is attributed by researchers to the third millennium BC. On the example of the Nart epic, one can trace the history of peoples from the earliest stages to the period of developed feudal relations.
The Nart epic begins its narrative from the era of matriarchy, when women played a leading role in society, and the clan was passed down through the maternal line. The mother of all Narts is the wise and economic Satanya. All affairs in the society of the Narts were decided according to her instructions. According to her persistent advice, the sledges went on a campaign, she saved the harvest, and defeated enemies with cunning. Other female images of the epic also have strong matriarchal traits and qualities, such is Adiyuh, the beautiful Shkhatsfitsa, the smart Malichipkh in her actions.
Based on the materials of this historical source, one can judge the fall of matriarchy among the Narts and its replacement by patriarchy. OSignificant changes in socio-economic life are evidenced by the emergence of property inequality, the struggle of the common people against the nobility. Many episodes of the epic ridicule the stinginess and greed of the rich, praise ingenuity. The highest body of power among the Narts was the council - khasa. All the most important matters of society were decided on it, all the Narts could attend the council, and everyone could make their own proposal. However, over time, this democratic order was liquidated by powerful elders. On the Khas, all powers of authority are gradually transferred to eminent Narts. Now only warriors gather there, and they decide everything.
The Nart epic of the Circassians is represented by the savvy and brave Sosruko, the wise Nasran, the ardent Shauei, the persistent Badinoko, who helped the common people with their actions, fought against foreigners, as well as giants. It can be seen from the legends that the Circassians were engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding, the Narts paid a special role to horse breeding, it was among the Circassians that the Kabardian breed of horses appeared and gained worldwide fame. From agricultural crops, they cultivated millet, from which they cooked thick porridge-paste, flat cakes, as well as a special drink - makhsyma.
The Nart epic shows the passion of the heroes for sports. The games were held in different places, limited to Elbrus, Volga, Kuban, Taman Peninsula, as well as the Black and Caspian Seas.
Many features of the Nart epic resonate with Greek mythology, which is confirmed by researchers. This istestifies to the close contacts of the Circassians with the Greek cities - colonies of the Northern Black Sea region. Now many famous exploits of the Nart heroes are illustrated. The Nart epic in pictures is especially popular, it colorfully presents the main milestones in the history of this people and its heroes. The Nart epic serves as a source of artistic development and poetic inspiration for all Caucasian peoples.
