Money, the origin of which is closely connected with the development of commodity relations and the formation of the valuation of products, today are an integral and significant part of the world economy. The history of their formation began many centuries ago, however, even at the moment we can observe their further development and transformation.
Money. Origin
Two theories of the formation of means of payment are officially recognized:
- Rationalist, more history-based.
- Evolutionary, scientifically researched, created and detailed by Karl Marx.
According to the first, money appeared as a payment instrument as a result of an agreement between people. With their help, it was much easier to exchange goods for different purposes.
The founder of the second theory is K. Marx, who presented his scientific work "Capital", where he detailed his own theory of the evolution of means of payment. A product is the material we alth of a person, it is evaluated by the quality, time and labor costs in its manufacture. It turns out that each producthas an exchange value. The disagreements arising in the process of commodity exchange became a catalyst for the allocation of a special category of equivalent. It was in it that they began to express the estimated value of the products of production. This special category was money, the origin of which is inextricably linked with the development of barter exchange and society as a whole.
Evolutionary theory runs counter to rationalistic theory and proves that the state and the conscious arrangement of people did not have the proper impact on the origin of money. In short, the created product already has a price, which is formed on the basis of yesterday's demand criterion. Until this moment, any thing does not carry monetary functions.
Functions of means of payment
The cost of goods express money. It is important to know their origin, essence and functions. The tasks of means of payment are reduced to the following points:
- A measure of value. The main function that confirms the value of money as a global value equivalent, which is expressed in the price of goods.
- Means of circulation. Responsible for the process of movement of products on the market according to the scheme: commodity-money-commodity.
- Means of payment. Money is an intermediary in the case of the exchange of goods, since the result of the transaction is not always settled in cash. Firms often use borrowed funds or loans, as well as deferred payment. Funds paid after a certain period serve as the final stage of the transaction.
- Means of savings, investments and savings. Money, the origin of which is connected with the exchange of goods, is a means for acquiring additional benefits and improving the quality of life. Therefore, today many are busy increasing we alth.
- World money. They serve as an international means of payment and an expression of public we alth. Previously, this role was played by gold coins, but today it is also foreign exchange, and the reserve share in the IMF, and special drawing rights.
