Sultanate in Asia is a common form of government, since it is in Asian countries that Islam is widespread as a state religion. From the point of view of Islamic law, the Sultanate is part of the Islamic Caliphate, as a federal state under the rule of one of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad.
Delhi Sultanate
The Islamic conquest reached the Indian subcontinent at the beginning of the thirteenth century, and with it came a special terminology. In Asia, a sultanate is understood to mean any entity headed by a sultan. Often this word is used when replacing the concept of "state".
The Sultanate in India lasted from 1206 to 1526. The conquerors brought with them to the territory of the ancient country a new language and a new religion, and tens of millions of Hindus found themselves under the rule of Muslim monotheists. Echoes of that confrontation are still felt in the confrontation between India and Pakistan - two states that arose on the ruins of the British Empire.
The first sultans were Turkic-speaking and gravitated towards the world from which they came, while the third sultan accepteda strategically justified decision to gain a foothold on the territory of the Delhi plain. So, for the first time in history, the city of Delhi became the capital of a huge state, and remains so to this day.
Greatness of the Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate reached the pinnacle of its power towards the end of the thirteenth century, defeating its warlike opponents, who also claimed dominion over the Indian subcontinent.
However, as often happens, in the newfound greatness lurked the beginnings of the coming collapse. Having conquered vast territories, the Sultanate faced an inability to control new lands. A decision was made to build a new capital in the south of the state, but the local population opposed this idea, and attempts to control the southern part of India ceased.
In 1398, Tamerlane invaded the territory of the largest sultanate in Asia, after which it turned into a power of exclusively regional significance.
