Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he is faced with a problem when words are not pronounced the way they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the school curriculum, we will consider in our article.
Phonetics
Our speech is divided into two large types: oral and written. The first, of course, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then it gradually developed into words that formed this or that language. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. This is how written language arose.
In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in sound analysis.
Vowels
One of the most important parts of our spoken language is the presence of vowels. They are soThey are named based on their main function - to transmit a long sound by voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.
It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always match the number of sounds. For example, in the word "south" there are 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: "yuk". The letter-sound analysis of the word should show that oral speech is different from how we write.
Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts a word is divided into:
- pal-ka - there are 2 syllables because it has two vowels;
- catfish - 1 syllable, since there is only one vowel.
In addition, you need to know the features of such letters as e, e, yu, i. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:
- E (d+o);
- E (d+e);
- Yu (d+y);
- I (d+a).
This phenomenon is observed when the listed sounds are used:
- after soft or hard signs (pours, zealous);
- after a vowel (large, belt);
- at the beginning of the word (Yula, El).
Very often, when performing a sound analysis of a word (the diagram is given below), children make mistakes precisely in the analysis of these vowels.
The rest of the characteristics that vowels have are pretty simple. Especially those that are studied by the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: impact or lack of impact.
Consonants
Before performing sound analysis, you need to know the features andconsonants. There are many more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.
Consonants have different characteristics:
- Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m - hard). Others, on the contrary: measure (m - soft).
- Voiced or deaf. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your hand on your throat and feel it. If no vibration is felt, then it is deaf.
- Pairness. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually by loudness-deafness. For example: in (sound) - f (deaf), s (sound) - s (deaf.).
- Some consonants are pronounced as if "on the nose". They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.
How to do it
Now it is possible to compose an algorithm by which the sound analysis of the word is performed. The scheme is simple:
- First, we divide the word into syllables.
- Next, write the letters it consists of in a column.
- Now we select the appropriate sound for each.
- Let's characterize each of them according to the characteristics described above.
- Counting the number of sounds and letters.
- If their number does not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.
Let's take an example. Take the word "ceiling":
- This word has three syllables: to-to-lok (3 vowels, hence the corresponding number of syllables).
- The letter P has a sound. It is consonant, pronounced without vibrationat the larynx, and therefore deaf. It is also solid and has a pair of.
- The letter O has a sound. It is a vowel and has no accent.
- The letter T has a sound. It is a consonant, pronounced as deaf. It does not soften, and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of voiced.
- The letter O has a sound. It is vowel and unstressed.
- The letter L stands for sound. It is consonant, has no mitigation - solid. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - voiced. This sound has no pair.
- The letter O has a sound. It is a vowel and, in this case, stressed.
- The letter K stands for sound. Consonant, pronounced as deaf, has a pair of voiced, solid.
- To summarize: this word has 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number matches, no linguistic phenomena are observed.
Sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simplified.
Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When teaching reading and writing skills, children get the first impressions of the difference between oral and written speech. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, do not have sounds at all. And there are no words for the letter Y in Russian.
Alpha-sound analysis of the word "blizzard"
We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. It is only necessary to correctly characterize each sound. But there are some in which there is a problem situation. For example,the word "blizzard". Let's perform its phonetic analysis:
- Vyuga - two vowels, so 2 syllables (vyu-ga).
- The letter B has a sound. It is consonant, softened thanks to "b", paired - deaf, voiced.
- The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
- The letter Yu has two sounds and because it comes after b. Both need to be described. So, - this is a consonant, which is always soft and sonorous, it does not have a pair. - vowel, stressed.
- The letter G - is a consonant, denotes a solid sound. Has a voiceless pair and is voiced.
- The letter has the same sound. It is vowel and unstressed.
- To sum up the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called "iotated vowel". In this case, the letter Yu under the influence of b broke up into two sounds.
Conclusion
Sound analysis with knowledge of all the characteristics is not difficult to perform. You need to say the word out loud. This will help to record all the sounds correctly. After carrying out their characteristics and summing up the phonetic analysis. And then success in this matter is guaranteed to you!
