The twenty-first century has just begun, and quite a lot has already been achieved in the field of science and technology. And although most of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century have not yet been widely used, in the future they will help make people's lives comfortable and long.
The following are ten of the most significant inventions that are likely to find practical applications this century.
Boson-Higgs Particle
Its existence was predicted back in 1960, but the particle was discovered only in 2006 in Geneva. This was made possible by the construction of the Large Hadron Collider. The Boson particle is also called the "particle of God", since it is it that is the main brick from which the Universe appeared. This greatest discovery in physics of the 21st century will not only help create new substances in the near future, but will also become the basis for further achievements. For example, the release of engines that work according to new principles and allow you to cover huge distances in a short time.
Stem cells from cellsadult organism
Stem cells are used to grow human organs and tissues. This is true for the treatment of a number of diseases. Therefore, one of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century can be attributed to the fact that people have learned to grow the organs they need for transplantation, and not to hope that a suitable donor will appear.
Previously, stem cells were obtained only from the embryo. This was not only unethical, but also dangerous, since the cells were taken with a syringe that pierced the placenta. And this sometimes led to a miscarriage. In addition, the resulting cells had to be stored frozen for a long time. Only very rich parents could afford it.
The use of adult stem cells solves the problem completely. Although this technology is still new and expensive, in the future, replacing a failed organ with a test-tube grown one will become commonplace.
Recording new knowledge in the brain
Another of the greatest discoveries of science in the 21st century is the ability to write and erase information directly in the brain without volitional effort. The experiment on the introduction of new knowledge was successfully carried out on experimental rats. At the same time, the animals immediately perceived and used the knowledge. That is, they ignored certain places in the cage and certain types of food only because scientists recorded information in their brains about their danger to the life of animals.
In the future, this discovery will increase the learning ability of people. It will be possible to prepare a highly qualified specialist in just a few hours,simply by writing the necessary knowledge and skills into his brain. It will also help rid people of negative memories, treat some mental illnesses.
Poincaré's conjecture has become a theorem
The birthplace of this great discovery of the 21st century is Russia. Grigory Perelman, Russian scientist, mathematician, proved the Poincaré theorem. Up to this point, it was just a hypothesis, that is, an assumption. Although for people far from mathematics, the very possibility of applying such a discovery seems something incredible, the facts show that, thanks to it, humanity will be able to more rationally build space stations and ships.
The theorem gives answers to many questions. For example, she explains why large space objects - planets and stars - are spherical in shape. This is not just a great mathematical discovery of the 21st century, but the solution of one of the important problems facing humanity today.
Creation of graphene
One of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century is the creation of graphene. This heavy-duty material has a unique superconductivity at room temperature. At the same time, it is not only ultra-strong, but also ultra-light. So far, its production is expensive, but perhaps in a few years, scientists will be able to reduce the cost of it, and then the use of graphene will become massive.
Artificial creation of new life forms at the genetic level
Development of genetic engineering in the twentieth centuryled to great scientific discoveries in the 21st century in biology and genetics. So, for the first time, a new form of life was artificially created by man at the molecular level. Scientists first removed some of the genetic material, leaving exactly those genes that are needed to sustain life, and then replaced them with new ones. The experiment was carried out on bacteria. It was successful: the bacterium not only did not die, but also began to multiply, passing on new artificial genes.
This discovery will eventually fight viruses and infections. Perhaps humanity will even be able to defeat incurable diseases, such as AIDS.
New generation prostheses
Earlier, the prosthesis was a piece of rubber, plastic or wood, which was shaped like a lost limb. Moreover, he performed various functions. If the prosthetic leg was used as an auxiliary point of support, then wearing it was not much more convenient than a crutch. And with a prosthetic hand, which served more of an aesthetic purpose, it was almost impossible to grab anything.
The greatest discovery of the 21st century was the creation of completely new prostheses. Modern versions of them are sensitive. They can be controlled by the power of thought, and in terms of their capabilities, prostheses are not inferior to a real arm or leg.
Superfast computers
The computer was invented in the last century, but the great discoveries of the 21st century in the science of "Informatics" are happening today. So, quite recently, PCs have appeared that work according to new principles. These are ultrafast quantumcomputers capable of processing tetrabytes of information in a matter of seconds. Their main purpose is complex scientific and financial calculations, the construction of computer models to predict future events. Unlike many other discoveries, ultra-fast PCs are already being used in many areas of human activity, however, so far only a few have access to them, mainly scientists, economists, and the military.
Water on Mars
The discovery of water on Mars was one of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century. It is here either in a solid or in a liquid state. According to scientists, astronomers, the water on the red planet is s alty, so it does not evaporate.
This fact was known before: traces of corrosion, dried up riverbeds and lakes are visible on Mars. However, the fact that water is still on the planet was confirmed only in the 21st century. And this is very important. The presence of water in a liquid state indicates a high probability of the existence of life on Mars, even in a primitive form (bacteria, protozoa). In addition, this is a planet that is the main object of colonization. The first Martian settlers will need water to live. And although it sounds like science fiction today, perhaps by the end of this century, the first settlements of colonists from Earth will appear on Mars.
Quantum teleportation
Quantum teleportation is not the movement of any objects, as the process is usually shown in films and described in science fiction novels. This is an instantaneous movement of quantum particles in space.
The main application of quantum teleportation is the transmission of information over long distances. This does not seem to be the greatest discovery of the 21st century as others, but coupled with the potential of teleportation, its role is growing. For example, in the exploration of other planets or the construction of space stations, the exchange of information at such a speed opens up great opportunities for research. Yes, and on Earth, the Internet, working at the speed of quantums, would not hurt.
This is not the whole list of the greatest discoveries of the 21st century in science and technology. So, in less than two decades, a smartphone, wireless high-speed Internet, a 3D printer and other equally significant things were invented. The human genome was completely deciphered and the secret of its origin was revealed.
Discoveries are constantly taking place, and if we compare the data with the same twentieth century, it can be noted that the horizons of scientists' knowledge are expanding not only on the scale of the Earth, but of the entire Universe. In addition, many of these discoveries entail the development of entire branches of science and industrial production. This means that even more interesting accomplishments of people await in the future.
