"PhD" - a scientific degree. It has existed in Russia and the CIS countries since the days of the Soviet Union - since 1934. This is an intermediate step on the scientific path from master to doctor of science and is awarded to the applicant who:
- has a higher education;
- passed all candidate exams;
- completed a number of studies on his topic;
- introduced and proved the novelty and practical value of scientific ideas;
- passed the dissertation defense procedure as required by law.
The Russian scientific degree "PhD" is an analogue of the Western PhD (pronounced as PHD). PhD - Doctor of Philosophy. However, in essence, it is not identical to the degree of Doctor of Science in Russia. The latter implies an even higher level of results of scientific activity.
The degree "PhD" is differentiated depending on the speci alty in which the applicant can defend his work. In Russia, there are 23 branches of awarding such titles. For example: candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, candidate of philological sciences. But speci altieslots of. One can be a candidate of legal, veterinary, biological, military, geological and mineralogical, geographical, historical, pedagogical, political, medical, psychological, sociological, technical, pharmaceutical, philosophical, agricultural, chemical, economic sciences. In addition, there is such a title as a candidate of architecture, art criticism, cultural studies.
The PhD degree should not be confused with the above-mentioned Western interpretation - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD).
Walking along the scientific path, the applicant must understand the goal for which he is ready to go through many difficult stages to obtain the PhD degree. It should be understood that this title is not a guarantee of great material we alth in the future. At least the return will not be fast. Initially, this is an increase of about 10-15% of the salary. It is appropriate and really significant for further scientific activities, work at a university, participation in the competition for the scientific titles of associate professor or professor, work at the department.
Writing a dissertation is a complex, painstaking, multi-stage process. First of all, it is necessary to create a new, original intellectual product - the result of scientific activity. The next step is to organize the process of protection. It usually involves a lot of people: a supervisor, opponents, experts, reviewers, editors, consultants, etc. It is important to note that having made the decision to engage in science, one must be prepared to some extent formaterial investments. In no case is it about buying and not independently performing specific stages of work.
However, often real large-scale studies that would bring real benefits and have practical significance require certain resources. For example, conducting experiments, experiments, sociological research by its very methodology can be costly.
It's not a secret for anyone that organizational issues related to the measures of the defense itself, especially in the final period, may also require some financial investments. However, everything here is very individual, depending on the established traditions of the university, advice, and circumstances.
