He althy lifestyle programs remind us every day how bad it is for the human body to consume animal fats. But scientists have not yet proven that animal fats have only a negative effect on the human body, and nutritionists around the world still advise eating this fat in small quantities.
What is this
Animal fats are natural compounds that are extracted from bone, fat and other tissues of animals. They can be obtained from the milk and eggs of mammals, vertebrates, as well as from some types of fish. But it is not necessary to consider only true fat mass as fat. This composition can also include enzymes that are not visible to the human eye, which are part of another animal mass. Animal fats are a chemical compound of atoms of esters, acids and alcohols. It is they who form the calorie content and distribute it into different categories of assimilation.
Fat production
In general, animal fats are mostly solids. Get them throughrendering, that is, the carcass of the animal is heated to a temperature at which solid fat melts. As a rule, the mass is melted in special rooms using equipment designed for this purpose. Both hard and soft fat can be processed.
Before sending animal fat for processing, sanitary research is carried out. If it is subject to disinfection, then it is also sent for processing. The main technical action for processing is the rendering process. There are two ways: continuous and periodic. The continuous method uses special lines, which are also equipped with cleaning filters. Periodic rendering involves the use of high atmospheric pressure.
There are certain rules when choosing a production technology. First, of course, the amount of raw materials is taken into account. It depends on the capacity of the meat processing plant. Secondly, much attention is paid to the quality and composition of raw materials. There are types of fat that have a complex structure and are difficult to influence. Or, for example, raw materials contain very little pure fat.
In production, it should be remembered that animal fat is an excellent accumulator of various odors. For example, if a pig was fed fish mixtures before slaughter, then the fat after processing will have the smell of fish. Foreign smells turn the final product into a defective product, and its value is significantly reduced.
Classification of fats
Fats have their own classification: by type of animal, by variety, consistency, purpose of use, source and methodreceipt.
A type of animal. These include organic compounds of marine life, freshwater fish, mammals living on earth, as well as freshwater and reptiles.
The grade of animal fat depends on the degree of purification. Like any product, it can be of the first, second or third grade. The consistency can also be different: liquid, soft or hard.
Fat is extracted from different parts. It can be subcutaneous fat, which is known to everyone as lard, liver, bone, as well as fat located inside the carcass. The method of obtaining it can also be different. There is dry, wet, using alkali or acid.
Composition of fat
Fat is the highest calorie food. However, its value is not in calories, but in biological saturation. This is mainly determined by the amount of vitamins D and E, which are soluble only with the help of fat, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids.
The composition of animal fats is determined by two groups: saturated and unsaturated acids. The most valuable for humans are unsaturated fats and fatty acids. Many of them are synthesized in the human body on their own, so you do not need to use them additionally. Vegetable fats are especially rich in unsaturated acids. That is why they bring more benefits than animal fats. One of the main unsaturated fats are linoleic and arachidonic acids. They are also produced in the human body, but in extremely small quantities. Must be used inEat foods that contain these acids, as a lack of them can seriously harm your he alth.
Types of fats
Fats are divided into several types. Distinguish between saturated, unsaturated and trans fats.
Saturated fats are mostly animal fats: meats, milk, cheeses and cottage cheese. Unsaturated is the mass that is obtained from plant fibers such as nuts, avocados, olive oil. Unsaturated fats are obtained from certain types of fish: tuna, herring and salmon. Therefore, their meat is highly valued in the gastronomic world.
The last type includes trans fats. These are the so-called "harmful" fats that clog the walls of blood vessels. We use it with french fries, various smoked products, margarine or deep-fried dishes. You need to be very careful about the consumption of such products in order to avoid serious he alth problems in the future.
Useful properties
Every day, millions of people in the world go on another low-calorie diet. However, scientists have long found out that the rejection of fat does not lead to weight loss and can adversely affect the body as a whole. The logic is simple. Since animal fats are the most high-calorie elements in food, the complete rejection of them will lead to weight loss in a natural way. However, not all so simple. Unsaturated and saturated fatty acids play a huge role in maintaining all the vital functions of the body. Here are the main criteria:
- Increaseimmunity. Products that can be found in the refrigerator of every person, such as eggs, lard, butter, contain the most valuable arachidonic acid, which helps the body fight all infections and viruses.
- Protection of the nervous system. The composition of the nervous tissue and brain cells includes a large amount of saturated fatty acids. Reducing the intake of these fats is not recommended, as a shortage can lead to serious nervous disorders, including Alzheimer's disease.
- Normalization of cholesterol levels. It is believed that limiting cholesterol intake is an excellent prevention of heart and vascular diseases. However, most cholesterol is produced by the body itself, and its deficiency can lead to liver and kidney failure.
- Improves the structure and appearance of the skin. Retinol, which is part of animal fat, promotes the healing of minor scratches and wounds on the skin, improves elasticity.
GOST animal fat, which is eaten 25292-82. When buying food products, you should pay attention to the presence of labeling. If it is not there, then the fat is prepared according to individual specifications, which are indicated by the TU marking.
Harm animal fats
Despite the large list of useful properties, you should not get carried away with animal fat. With its use, you can easily overdo it, and then harm to he alth will be fatal. For example, if you constantly use pork fat for cooking, then you will notnotice how you gain weight. The main danger in the excessive consumption of animal fats is the provocation of diseases of the cardiovascular system. But you can't refuse it either. The optimal percentage of the daily diet for a young person should be 40%, for older people less than 30%.
Feed fat GOST
Fat is necessary not only for normal human life. Its application in agriculture plays a huge role. Feed animal fat is a raw material obtained from raw materials that are not eaten and used for the production of animal feed. It is used for feeding poultry and livestock and has its own production standards. GOST animal feed fat 17483-72. It is these standards that are decisive for its use in the agricultural sector. Technical fat can be of the first and second grade. Before it enters production, special tests determine the content of various substances in it, which should contribute to the growth of poultry and livestock.
Melted fat
The raw material for the production of melted fats is the tissue separated during the cutting of carcasses of cattle or poultry. This is raw fat. It is cleaned of impurities, blood and other compounds that violate the structure, washed and sent for rendering.
Melted animal fat retains a maximum of useful elements and vitamins. Melted fat should be stored in a special closed container so that it does not absorb other odors, and also comes into contact with water and air to a minimum, sohow it contributes to oxidation and shortening the shelf life. Store it at a temperature of minus five to minus eight degrees. You can store in glass, wooden, polymer or paper containers.
The range of melted fats is very wide. They heat beef, mutton, bone and pork fat. Each type has an individual color and consistency, as well as a melting point.
Beef tallow can be identified by a rather pleasant smell and a light yellow or yellow color. The melting point is about 45 degrees, so fat is classified as poorly digestible.
Lamb melted fat is white or light yellow in color. When molten, it is transparent. The melting point is about 45 degrees and, like beef, it is classified as a poorly digestible fat.
Pig fat is white or grayish in color and resembles an ointment in consistency. The temperature at which it melts is 37 degrees.
List of foods containing animal fats
We do not think, but in fact, animal fats are on our table every day. When choosing such products, you should carefully study the label and make sure that the fat content of the product starts from 1%, since products that are completely devoid of fat lose almost all of their beneficial properties. So, animal fats and food list:
- rabbit meat;
- chicken;
- milk;
- eggs;
- pork;
- beef;
- fish;
- cottage cheese;
- mussels;
- crabs;
- turkey;
- cream;
- yogurt;
- caviar.
When cooked properly, animal fats and proteins, which are the building blocks of cells, will not be destroyed. The calorie content of the dish will also not increase.
Healing properties of animal fat
Animal fat has long been used as one of the main medicines. All raw materials from which fats and oils could be obtained were considered valuable. Animal fat has special medical properties. It is used as an independent medicine, included in other medicines as a healing element, used for the production of ointments and various solvents.
Animal fat is an excellent preventive measure. It is used for external and internal use. External use is associated with various creams and ointments. For these purposes, pork fat is used. It has an excellent ointment-like consistency, perfectly dissolves other elements. Used in frostbite and healing ointments.
Inside fats are used as a mild laxative. Its constituent acids irritate the intestinal walls, moisturize and soften, thereby helping to cleanse the body.
Fats for weight loss
Many people associate the process of losing weight with the complete elimination of all types of fat. It's a delusion. They are essential for the proper functioning of the body. With weight loss, the body experiences stress, hormonal changes occur. And for the synthesis of hormones in a mandatoryfats are required. The main items that contribute to accelerated weight loss are fish oil, badger and shark oil. Their unique composition promotes the formation of fast chemical reactions, which, in turn, speed up all processes.
