Each of us in childhood collected a mosaic consisting of several tens, maybe hundreds of puzzles. Like a game construction, a literary image is made up of many interconnected details. And only the keen eye of the reader is able to notice these microstructures. Before delving into literary criticism, you need to understand what an artistic detail is.
Definition
Few people thought about the fact that literature is the art of the real word. This implies a close connection between linguistics and literary criticism. When a person reads or listens to a poem, he imagines a picture. It becomes reliable only when he hears certain subtleties, thanks to which he can present the information received.
And we turn to the question: what is an artistic detail? It is an important and significant image building tool; this is a detail that carries a huge ideological, emotional and semantic load.
Virtuoso these elements were not used by allwriters. They were actively used in their work by Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov and other artists of the word.
Classification of parts
What artistic details do you know? Difficult to answer? Then we carefully study the issue further. There are several classifications of this element.
We will consider the option proposed by the domestic literary critic and philologist - Esin Andrey Borisovich. In his book "Literary work" he defined a successful typology, in which he singled out three large groups of details:
- psychological;
- descriptive;
- plot.
But literary scholars distinguish several more types:
- landscape;
- verbal;
- portrait.
For example, in Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" plot details dominated, in "Dead Souls" - descriptive ones. While in Dostoevsky's novel "Crime and Punishment" the emphasis is on the psychological factor. However, it is worth remembering that the named types of parts can be combined within one artwork.
Functions of the artistic detail
Literary scholars identify several functions of this tool:
1. excretory. It is needed in order to highlight any event, image or phenomenon from the like.
2. Psychological. In this case, the detail, as a means of psychological portrait, helps to reveal the inner world of the character.
3. Factual. The tool characterizes a fact fromworld of reality heroes.
4. naturalistic. The detail clearly, objectively and accurately conveys the subject or any phenomenon.
5. Symbolic. The element is endowed with the role of a symbol, that is, it becomes a multi-valued and artistic image that has an allegorical meaning based on the similarities of phenomena from life.
Artistic detail and its role in creating an image
In a poem, such expressive details very often serve as a reference point for the image, pushing our imagination, encouraging us to complete the lyrical situation.
Artistic image often has one bright individual detail. As a rule, the development of lyrical thought begins with it. Other elements of the image, including expression, are forced to adapt to this instrument. It happens that an artistic detail resembles an external touch of the image, but it carries a surprise that refreshes the reader's perception of the world.
This tool enters our consciousness and the feeling of life in such a way that a person no longer thinks of poetic discoveries without it. A lot of details are present in Tyutchev's lyrics. When reading his poems, a picture of green fields, blooming and fragrant roses opens before our eyes …
Creativity of N. V. Gogol
In the history of Russian literature, there are such writers whom nature endowed with special attention to life and things, in other words, to the surrounding human existence. Among them, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol, whomanaged to anticipate the problem of the reification of man, where he is not the creator of things, but their thoughtless consumer. In his work, Gogol skillfully depicted a substantive or material detail that replaces the character's soul without a trace.
This element functions as a mirror that reflects the character. Thus, we see that the details in Gogol's work are the most important tool for depicting not only a person, but also the world in which the hero lives. They leave little space for the characters themselves, which is why it seems that there is no room for life at all. But for his heroes this is not a problem, because the everyday world is in the foreground for them, unlike being.
Conclusion
The role of the artistic detail cannot be overestimated, without it it is impossible to create a full-fledged work. The poet, writer or composer uses this instrument in their own way in their creations. So, for example, Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, with the help of details, depicts not only the images of heroes or St. Petersburg, but also reveals the boundless philosophical and psychological depths of his novels.
Skillfully and skillfully used such expressive details not only Gogol and Chekhov, but also Goncharov, Turgenev and other writers.
Word artists used detail extensively in their artwork. After all, its significance is enormous. Without this tool, it would be unrealistic to clearly and concisely give an individual characterization of the character. The author's attitude to the hero can also be determined using thistool. But, of course, the depicted world is also created and characterized with the help of a detail.
