The skeleton, which is the axial organ of the musculoskeletal system, contains different types of bones. They differ in form, structure and function.
Features of the structure of bone tissue
This type of connective tissue has a typical structure. It consists of cells called osteocytes and a substance that fills the space between them. This fabric is unique in its chemical composition and properties. Organic substances, namely collagen fibers, give it elasticity. And mineral s alts - strength. For example, the femur can withstand a load of several tons. And if inorganic substances are removed from the bone tissue, then it will easily crumble.
Types of human bones: signs of classification
The classification of bones is based on several features. They are shape, size and structure. The types of bones also determine the function that they will subsequently perform. The shape is long, short and wide. The former contain a cavity inside filled with yellow bone marrow. This structure provides long tubular bones with strength and lightness. At their ends is a spongy substance, between the elements of which is red bone marrow. This isthe basis of the hematopoietic cells of the body. Short and wide bones are completely formed by spongy substance.
Bones are also paired and unparalleled in the body. The first group mainly forms the skull. These include temporal, zygomatic, parietal. Some bones of the belts and free limbs are also paired. These are the clavicles, shoulder blades, radial, shoulder, pelvic. Examples of unpaired bones are the frontal, occipital, mandibular.
By location in the body, the bones of the skeleton of the head (skull) and torso are distinguished. The last group includes the spine, sternum and ribs. Also, on this basis, bones of the belts and free upper and lower extremities are distinguished. In total, there are more than 200 of them in the human body.
Table: bone types
| Types of bones | Examples | Building features |
| Long (tubular) | Femoral, small and tibial, brachial, radial, ulnar | The length of the bones of this species significantly exceeds the width. Above is the connective tissue layer - the periosteum. Due to it, there is an increase in thickness. At the ends of the bone is a spongy substance that contains red bone marrow. This is the place where blood cells form. The bone cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow. |
| Short | Frontal and parietal bones of the skull | The length and width of bones of this type are approximately the same. They are entirely made up of spongy matter that covers a layer of compact matter. |
| Wide (flat) | Sternum, pelvic bones, ribs, shoulder blades | The area of the bones exceeds the thickness. They are formed by two plates, consisting of a compact substance, between which there is a spongy substance. Due to their large plane, they are the basis for muscle attachment. |
What are mixed dice?
Very often, due to the complex structure of the bones, they cannot be attributed to the main type. They are called mixed. Such structures include the vertebrae, the sacrum, the bones of the base of the skull, and the collarbone. They are made up of several parts. So, the vertebra is formed by the body and processes, and the main function of this structure is to protect the spinal cord.
Types of bones and features of their connection
All bones in the human body are combined into a complex system with the help of compounds of various types. The way they are attached to each other determines the function of the resulting structure. For example, the flat and wide bones of the skull are fixedly connected. This method is called a seam. This connection allows you to create reliable protection for the brain. Different types of bones of the skeleton differ in their characteristics. For example, the elbow, radius and knee joints move perfectly. This mobile connection provides the main function of this structure. It consists in ensuring the movement of individual parts and the skeleton as a whole. The spine, which is the axial structure of the body, is a semi-movable joint. The thing is that between its individual elements are cartilaginousinterlayers. This structure provides cushioning as you move.
So, the main types of skeletal bones in the human body are tubular, short and wide. Their main differences are in the features of the internal structure, shape, type of connection and function performed.
