The transition from tribal to feudal relationships eventually led to the manifestation of the first signs of a developed society on the territory of modern Russia. The preconditions for the formation of the Old Russian state are as follows:
- Strengthening the princely power due to the growing power of the squad.- Unification of many large tribes under a single center.
The Eastern Slavs and the formation of the ancient Russian state are connected by the unification of the tribes of the Polyans, Drevlyans and other related tribes under the rule of Kyiv. Novgorod became the center in the west. In the 9th century, the first mention of the ancient Russian state appeared.
The tribes of the Drevlyans, Croats, Tivertsy belong to the group, which is called none other than the Eastern Slavs. The formation of the ancient Russian state began precisely after the unification of a large number of tribes under the rule of the Kyiv princes. The union of Krivichi, Slovenes, Dulebs led to the formation of the Novgorod principality. In 862, Rurik was invited to the principality, from that moment the countdown of the history of our country began.
There are sever altheories of the origin of the Slavic state. The first one is Norman. She claims that the Russian tribes invited the Norwegian prince Rurik as their ruler. Archaeological excavations confirm the existence of Varangian traces in history. It was the Varangians who created the first prerequisites for the formation of the Old Russian state. The most ardent supporters of the Norman theory are the German historians Bayer and Miller.
According to another, anti-Norman theory, the prerequisites for the formation of the ancient Russian state appeared with the coming to power of not the Varangian, but the Prussian prince. According to her, Rurik came from a Slavic tribe. The first to deny the Norman origin of the state was Mikhail Lomonosov. In the 19th and 20th centuries, this theory was supported by many historians.
Rurik actively took up the arrangement and strengthening of the external borders of the new state. Prince Oleg, who replaced him, gathered Russia into a single whole, which resulted in successful campaigns of his squad against Byzantium. Oleg ruled the country very wisely, calculating his every step. During his reign, Russia already occupied a vast territory from Kyiv to the Novgorod forests.
Oleg's nephew - Igor - could not overshadow the glory of his uncle. His desire to surpass his relative led to a crushing defeat of the Russian fleet off the Byzantine coast. The alliance concluded with the Pechenegs helped put pressure on the Greeks again and force them to sign a peace treaty. Prince Igor was killed during an attempt to re-collect tribute from the Drevlyane tribe. Mother of the heirSvyatoslav - Olga - changed her husband at the post. She brutally took revenge on the killers of her husband, betraying the capital of the Drevlyans Iskorosten to fire. The princess significantly improved the system of tribute collection, she was the first to accept Christianity. Olga's son (Prince Svyatoslav) subjugated the Vyatichi tribe, he defeated the Volga Bulgars, as well as the North Caucasian tribes. At this time, even the strongest states of the world were looking for friendship with Russia.
The prerequisites for the formation of the Old Russian state appeared due to the improvement of agriculture and commercial hunting in the northern regions. This led to the strengthening of the power of the princes and the establishment of intertribal ties. Thus, the disparate ancient Slavic tribes united into a state that eventually became a superpower, whose opinion is heeded all over the world.
