Studying Russian (or any other) language, schoolchildren and students are faced with the concept of "phonetic transcription". Dictionaries and encyclopedias decipher this term as a way of recording oral speech in order to more accurately convey pronunciation. In other words, transcription conveys the sound side of the language, allowing it to be reflected in writing using certain characters.
Phonetic transcription plays an important role in learning foreign languages. After all, this recording method allows you to display and understand the pronunciation of letters and the rules of reading. Transcription deviates from traditional spelling rules (especially in Russian) if they do not match pronunciation. In writing, it is indicated by letters enclosed in square brackets. In addition, there are additional signs that indicate, for example, the softness of consonants, the length of vowels, etc.
Each language has its own phonetictranscription, reflecting the sound side of this particular speech. It must be said that in Russian, in addition to the usual letters that do not cause difficulties, additional ones can also be found. For example, j, i (mine, pit, etc.) are used here. In addition, vowels in some positions are designated as "ъ" and "ь" ("er" and "er"). Of interest are the signs [ie] and [se].
Russian phonetic transcription is the main way to convey in writing the features of the word that we perceive by ear. It is necessary in order to better understand the discrepancies that exist between sounds and letters in the language, the lack of an unambiguous correspondence between them. The rules for transcribing vowels are based primarily on the position of the sound relative to the stress. In other words, the scheme of qualitative reduction of unstressed ones is used here.
It must be said that the international phonetic transcription, like the Russian one, does not have punctuation marks and capital letters. Dots and commas habitual in writing are indicated here as pauses. It also does not take into account how the word is written (hyphenated, separately). What matters here is not vocabulary, but phonetics, namely sound.
Phonetic transcription is also used in dialectology, in order to capture pronunciation features as accurately as possible, and in orthoepy, where pronunciation is demonstrated using it.options.
The transcription rules in Russian state that almost all letters are used here, except for the ioted E, E, Yu, Ya (in some textbooks, however, E is excluded from this list, and is used in recording sounds). These letters are indicated on the letter either by the softness of the preceding consonant, or the corresponding vowels are complemented by j + (e, o, u, a).
Also, phonetic transcription in Russian does not have the designation Щ, which is written as a long Ш. Superscript and subscript characters that are used in the work are called diacritical. With the help of them, they indicate the length of the sound, softness, partial loss of sonority by consonants, the non-syllabic nature of the sound, etc.
Knowledge of transcription rules is necessary to study the peculiarities of pronunciation and writing in the language.
