The first Russian revolution is a whole chain of events that began on January 9 in 1905 and continued until 1907 in the then Russian Empire. These events became possible due to the revolutionary situation in the country at the beginning of the 20th century.
The first Russian revolution showed that radical changes are simply necessary for the state. However, Nicholas II was in no hurry with the transformations in the country.
Causes of the first Russian revolution:
- economic (world economic crisis at the beginning of the 20th century; underdevelopment in both agriculture and industry);
- social (the development of capitalism did not entail any changes in the old ways of life of people, hence the contradictions between the new system and the old remnants);
- political (the crisis of the supreme power; the fall of the authority of the whole of tsarist Russia after the lost victory in the rapid Russo-Japanese war, and, as a result, the activation of leftist opposition movements);
- national (the lawlessness of nations and a high degree of their exploitation).
What forces existed in Russia on the eve of the revolution? First, it is a liberal movement, the basis of whichwere the nobility and the bourgeoisie. Secondly, it is a conservative direction. Third, radical democratic movements.
What were the objectives of the first revolution?
1) solution of a number of issues, including agrarian, labor, national;
2) overthrow of autocracy;
3) adoption of the constitution;
4) classless society;
5) freedom of speech and choice.
The first Russian revolution had a bourgeois-democratic character. The reason for its implementation was the events of early January, called "Bloody Sunday". On a winter morning, a peaceful procession of workers was heading towards the tsar, while carrying his portrait and singing "God save the Tsar …". At the head of the procession was the priest Gapon. It is still unclear whether he was an ally of the revolutionaries or a supporter of a peaceful procession, since his sudden disappearance remains a mystery … The events of Bloody Sunday led to the execution of workers. This occasion gave a strong impetus to the activation of all leftist forces. The first bloody Russian revolution has begun.
Nicholas II adopts several manifestos, including "manifesto on the establishment of the State Duma" and "manifesto on improving the state order." Both documents literally turned the course of events. During the revolution, 2 state dumas carried out their activities, which were dissolved before the date of their completion. After the dissolution of the second, the "Third of June political system" came into force, which became possibleafter the violation by Nicholas II of the manifesto of October 17, 1905.
The first Russian revolution, the causes of which were on the surface for a long time, led to the fact that in Russia the political situation and the social status of citizens have changed. The coup also gave rise to agrarian reform. However, the 1st Russian revolution did not solve its main problem - the elimination of the autocracy. Nicholas 1 and autocracy in Russia will last another 10 years.
