The significance of the personality of Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin in Russian history is very great. You can treat it differently, but you can't ignore it. President Yeltsin is evaluated differently. Someone says that he brought Russia out of a severe crisis and prevented the country from falling completely in the world rankings. Some criticize Yeltsin's policies and accuse him of impoverishing the population, a sharp decline in living standards and other hardships that befell Russians during the difficult period of the early nineties.
So what do you remember about the reign of the first president of the Russian Federation? What were the main stages of Yeltsin's biography? How did his rise come about? What is known about the Yeltsin family? What legacy did he leave behind? When did Yeltsin die? The answers to these and many other questions will become available to the reader after reading the article dedicated to this bright personality.
Yeltsin's birthplace
The biography of Yeltsin begins in the village of Butka, which is located in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region and is part of the Talitsky district. HoweverBoris Nikolayevich cannot be called a native Butkovite with full confidence.
The fact is that the family of the future leader of the Russian Federation lived in the neighboring village of Basmanovo. In terms of population, Basmanovo was inferior to Butka. Consequently, the medical center where the birth took place was located in Butka. Thus, Yeltsin's biography began exactly here on February 1, 1931.
By the way, the birthplace of Boris Yeltsin is the subject of heated debate between residents of two neighboring villages. Each of them seeks to attribute this distinctive feature to themselves.
Boris Nikolaevich's parents did not stand out from the Soviet people of that period, that is, they were honestly engaged in simple labor. Russian by nationality, the Yeltsins worked in production.
Hero's father
Nikolai Ignatievich Yeltsin, the father of the hero of this article, was an ordinary builder and worked hard for the benefit of his family. However, it often happens that children have to pay for the "sins" of their ancestors.
The parents of Nikolai Ignatievich were we althy peasants and had several farm laborers on their farm - poor peasants who worked for food and money. By cultivating a solid plot of land, the Yeltsins managed to accumulate money by the troubled times of the Civil War and become enemies of the proletariat. That is why Nikolai Ignatievich suffered from the repressive totalitarian Soviet machine.
It is worth paying tribute to Boris Yeltsin's father - he is nothas broken. After serving his sentence in the Volga-Don and being amnestied for good behavior, Nikolai Yeltsin returned to his homeland and was able to start his career from scratch. Thanks to natural diligence and determination, he was able to build a good career - he became the head of an enterprise specializing in the construction of residential and commercial facilities. This career advancement is phenomenal given the repressive past of a man who lived at a time when children were judged by their parents.
It is known that a child borrows a significant part of his character from his parents. This is what happened in this case as well. It was this innate impenetrability and inflexibility that was passed down from father to son and was demonstrated more than once in the future by Boris Nikolayevich.
Mother of Boris Nikolaevich
Klavdia Vasilievna Yeltsina (maiden name - Starygina) can be called an ordinary Soviet worker. For most of her life, Klavdia Vasilievna was engaged in cutting and sewing, working as a dressmaker.
Childhood and youth
The next stage of Yeltsin's biography includes the school years of the future leader. At a very young age (not even five years old), Boris Yeltsin had to go through a move to the city of Bereznyaki, which is located in the Perm Territory.
In his school years, the hero of the article already had a strong character and pronounced leadership qualities, which he only developed over time. These words are confirmed by the fact that Boris Yeltsin was appointed head of the class and did a good job with this responsible job.
Fromthe surviving document on Yeltsin's education - the matriculation certificate - it is clear that he studied well and was far from being a stupid student. With firm confidence it was possible to attribute him to drummers. In many subjects, the future leader had "excellent" marks. He achieved particular success in teaching such subjects as algebra, geometry, trigonometry, natural science, geography, the constitution of the USSR, astronomy, and a foreign language (German). In other subjects, Yeltsin had a solid "good". However, Boris Nikolayevich was often let down by discipline.
This man could not be called an exemplary boy and an impeccable student. More than once or twice, the future head of state was seen in fights, in which he easily won thanks to his impressive physical data and wrestling character. Peers respected Boris Nikolaevich, and some were frankly afraid.
It was during his school years that Boris Nikolaevich lost two fingers (and partly the phalanx of the third), which he wrote about in his memoirs. Playing as a schoolboy in nature, he discovered an unexploded fascist grenade, which turned out to be equipped. Instead of abandoning it and running away, Boris Nikolaevich tried to dismantle it and render it harmless. The result of this attempt was a severe injury to the left hand, which remained with Yeltsin for life.
Getting higher education
It was precisely because of this circumstance (the absence of several fingers on his hand) that Boris Yeltsin was not taken to serve in the Soviet army. The young man had to immediately go to college. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin received his higher education at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. Considering the propensity for the exact sciences, demonstrated by Yeltsin during the development of the school educational program, he decided to enter the profession of a civil engineer, prestigious at that time. In addition, this profession was already traditional in the family of the future head of state. Yeltsin's father also connected his life with construction.
An interesting part of Yeltsin's biography is his sporting achievements. Digging into the "granite of science", Boris Nikolaevich found time in his life for sports. Due to his high stature and athletic build, Boris Nikolaevich chose volleyball. It should be noted that the usual passion for this playing sport over the years of study at the institute gradually grew into something more. Thus, not having three fingers on his left hand, Yeltsin was able to fulfill the standard of the master of sports of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and receive the coveted badge. Over time, Boris Nikolayevich was entrusted with coaching the institute's women's volleyball team.
The handsome and handsome young man was the eye of many female students. With one of them, Anastasia (Naina) Girina, the future president united his life forever, forming a strong and lasting family. At first, young people simply kept in their hearts sympathy for each other, trying not to pay attention to them. But after some time, Boris Nikolaevich realized that this was more than just sympathy - real and strong love, nowhere from it alreadydon't get away.
Work activity
After graduating from the Ural Polytechnic Institute, Boris Nikolaevich began his career in the chosen path - construction. The hero of the article found a job at the Sverdlovsk Construction Trust, firmly linking his future fate and career with him.
A young and promising construction specialist immediately attracted attention and began to confidently climb the career ladder. This circumstance was also facilitated by the fact that since 1961 Boris Nikolayevich was a full member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. At that time, this circumstance played a very important (and possibly decisive) role. Entering the CPSU, a person received a "start in life." Without membership in the Communist Party, it was reckless to expect a successful career.
Boris Nikolaevich (thanks to the qualities and conditions described above) quickly climbed the career ladder. From a simple engineer, Yeltsin grew into a chief. A few years later, the promising boss became the head of the Sverdlovsk house-building plant.
Looking ahead, it should be noted that most of Yeltsin's life was associated with construction. This field of activity marked the main milestones of both the labor and political career of the future president.
The beginning of a political career
With the entry into the CPSU, the political career of Boris Nikolayevich begins. An active life position and the ability to achieve goals in spite of everything contributed toYeltsin's political career.
The first step on the ladder of party work, which led Boris Nikolaevich to the leadership of the state, was the election to the Kirov District Committee of the CPSU. This fact allowed Yeltsin to be delegated to the conference of the CPSU of the Sverdlovsk region.
Rise
In 1968, the production career of Boris Nikolayevich ends. The talented leader was noticed by party functionaries, and the Sverdlovsk Regional Committee of the CPSU became Yeltsin's new place of work. The sphere entrusted to Yeltsin was quite compatible with his life and work experience - construction.
Seven years later, Boris Nikolaevich receives a new position - secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU. With the increase, the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the hero of the article also expanded significantly. Now Yeltsin was responsible for the development of industry in the Sverdlovsk region, one of the country's most promising regions.
In 1976, Boris Nikolaevich actually becomes the first person of the Sverdlovsk region - the First Secretary of the Sverdlovsk regional committee of the CPSU. A young (for a man who held such a high position) forty-five-year-old leader actively took up the development of the region. During the years of Yeltsin's rule, significant changes took place in the region: the food supply of the region improved, agricultural and industrial facilities were built, and strategically important roads were laid. One of the most striking and memorable buildings built in Yekaterinburg under the leadership of the Boris regionNikolaevich, is the new building of the regional committee of the CPSU, which became the highest in the city at that time. The height of the building is twenty-four floors, which gives the building an imposing and majestic appearance.
Popularly elected President
Yeltsin's further career developed rapidly and rapidly. Since 1978 he has been a member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, and since 1984 he has been a member of its Presidium.
Since 1985 (on the recommendation of the party leadership), Yeltsin was transferred to serve in the capital of the Soviet Union - Moscow. The field of activity was traditional for him - the coordination of the construction of residential and industrial facilities.
After some time, Yeltsin - First Secretary of the CPSU MGK (in modern terms - the head of the city of Moscow). During this period of time, he falls into a whirlwind of political manipulations and movements, the result of which is a sharp break in relations with the CPSU and the rapid growth of the leader's popularity. From a party functionary, Yeltsin turned into an alternative leader of the state. The struggle for power, the details of which do not seem appropriate, makes Boris Yeltsin the President of the RSFSR on June 12, 1991. The dualism of power that arose for a short time quickly faded away and ended with Yeltsin becoming the sole head of the state.
Power did not pass to him by inheritance (as in the period of autocracy). He was not appointed head of the country by the top of the party nomenclature. Yeltsin entered national history forever as a president elected by the people.
Onsecond term
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the radical reforms that followed it did not help to strengthen Yeltsin's rating as president. The situation was aggravated by the war in the Chechen Republic, which many call the result of Yeltsin's ill-conceived policy of granting regions independence from the center.
But in 1996, Yeltsin still won the majority of votes in the election and was elected for a second term. However, the situation in the country continued to deteriorate. The external debt of the state grew, calls for Yeltsin's resignation were increasingly heard. The he alth of the leader of the state was rapidly deteriorating.
Leaving the Kremlin
The result of the combination of all the circumstances described was Yeltsin's decision to step down as president of the Russian Federation. The announcement of this decision was made during the New Year's address on December 31, 1999. The outgoing president named Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin as his successor.
April 23, 2007 Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin died. When this happened, national mourning was declared by decree of the President of the Russian Federation. Russia said goodbye to the first president.
During the years of Yeltsin's rule, Russia experienced one of the most powerful upheavals in its recent history. The political structure has changed, big changes have taken place in the country's economy. Obviously, an adequate assessment of the activities of the first president can be given only after some time. Only one thing is obvious - Yeltsin was at the helm at an extremely difficult time for the country anddid what he thought was right.
About the Yeltsin family
Boris and Naina Yeltsin have two daughters - Elena Okulova and Tatyana Yumasheva. The latter is the head of the Foundation of the first President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin.
Yeltsin's legacy
In order to preserve the historical legacy of the activities of the first president of the Russian Federation, the Yeltsin Presidential Center was created - a non-profit organization that unites many influential people of modern Russia. The tasks of the organization include supporting projects in the field of education, culture and charity.
Many organizations, streets in settlements are named after the first president. Monuments have been erected to him in a number of places. It is quite obvious that Yeltsin is the brightest figure in the life of the country during the collapse of the USSR and the formation of a new state.
