Oxides, their classification and properties are the basis of such an important science as chemistry. They begin to study in the first year of study of chemistry. In such exact sciences as mathematics, physics and chemistry, all the material is interconnected, which is why the failure to assimilate the material entails a misunderstanding of new topics. Therefore, it is very important to understand the topic of oxides and fully navigate it. We will talk about this today and try to talk in more detail.
What are oxides?
Oxides, their classification and properties is what needs to be understood first of all. So what are oxides? Do you remember this from the school curriculum?
Oxides (or oxides) are complex substances, binary compounds, which include atoms of an electronegative element (less electronegative than oxygen) and oxygen with an oxidation state of -2.
Oxides are incredibly common substances on our planet. Examples of an oxide compound are water, rust, some dyes, sand, and even carbon dioxide.
Formation of oxides
Oxides can be obtained in a variety of ways. The formation of oxides is also studied by such a science as chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties - that's what scientists need to know in order to understand how this or that oxide was formed. For example, they can be obtained by direct connection of an oxygen atom (or atoms) with a chemical element - this is the interaction of chemical elements. However, there is also an indirect formation of oxides, this is when oxides are formed by the decomposition of acids, s alts or bases.
Classification of oxides
Oxides and their classification depend on how they were formed. According to their classification, oxides are divided into only two groups, the first of which is s alt-forming, and the second is non-s alt-forming. So, let's take a closer look at both groups.
S alt-forming oxides are a fairly large group, which is divided into amphoteric, acidic and basic oxides. As a result of any chemical reaction, s alt-forming oxides form s alts. As a rule, the composition of s alt-forming oxides includes elements of metals and non-metals, which, as a result of a chemical reaction with water, form acids, but when interacting with bases, form the corresponding acids and s alts.
Non-s alt-forming oxides are oxides that do not form s alts as a result of a chemical reaction. Nitrogen and carbon oxides are examples of such oxides.
Amphoteric oxides
Oxides, their classification and properties are very important concepts in chemistry. S alt-forming compounds include oxidesamphoteric.
Amphoteric oxides are oxides that can exhibit basic or acidic properties, depending on the conditions of chemical reactions (show amphotericity). Such oxides are formed by transition metals (copper, silver, gold, iron, ruthenium, tungsten, rutherfordium, titanium, yttrium, and many others). Amphoteric oxides react with strong acids, and as a result of a chemical reaction, they form s alts of these acids.
Acid oxides
Acid oxides or anhydrides are oxides that exhibit acidic properties in chemical reactions and also form oxygen-containing acids. Anhydrides are always formed by typical non-metals, as well as some transitional chemical elements.
Oxides, their classification and chemical properties are important concepts. For example, acidic oxides have completely different chemical properties from amphoteric ones. For example, when an anhydride reacts with water, the corresponding acid is formed (the exception is SiO2 - silicon oxide). Anhydrides interact with alkalis, and as a result of such reactions, water and soda are released. When interacting with basic oxides, a s alt is formed.
Basic oxides
Basic (from the word "base") oxides are oxides of the chemical elements of metals with oxidation states of +1 or +2. These include alkali, alkaline earth metals, as well as the chemical element magnesium. Basic oxides differ from others in that theyable to react with acids.
Basic oxides interact with acids, unlike acid oxides, as well as with alkalis, water, and other oxides. As a result of these reactions, as a rule, s alts are formed.
Properties of oxides
If you carefully study the reactions of various oxides, you can independently draw conclusions about what chemical properties the oxides are endowed with. The common chemical property of absolutely all oxides is the redox process.
But nevertheless, all oxides are different from each other. The classification and properties of oxides are two related topics.
Non-s alt-forming oxides and their chemical properties
Non-s alt-forming oxides are a group of oxides that exhibit neither acidic nor basic nor amphoteric properties. As a result of chemical reactions with non-s alt-forming oxides, no s alts are formed. Previously, such oxides were called not non-s alt-forming, but indifferent and indifferent, but such names do not correspond to the properties of non-s alt-forming oxides. According to their properties, these oxides are quite capable of chemical reactions. But there are very few non-s alt-forming oxides, they are formed by monovalent and divalent non-metals.
Non-s alt-forming oxides can be chemically converted into s alt-forming oxides.
Nomenclature
Almost all oxides are usually called like this: the word "oxide", followed by the namechemical element in the genitive case. For example, Al2O3 is aluminum oxide. In chemical language, this oxide is read like this: aluminum 2 o 3. Some chemical elements, such as copper, can have several degrees of oxidation, respectively, the oxides will also be different. Then CuO oxide is copper oxide (two), that is, with an oxidation degree of 2, and Cu2O oxide is copper oxide (three), which has an oxidation degree of 3.
But there are other names of oxides, which are distinguished by the number of oxygen atoms in the compound. A monoxide or monoxide is an oxide that contains only one oxygen atom. Dioxides are those oxides that contain two oxygen atoms, as indicated by the prefix "di". Trioxides are those oxides that already contain three oxygen atoms. Names such as monoxide, dioxide and trioxide are outdated, but often found in textbooks, books and other manuals.
There are also so-called trivial names of oxides, that is, those that have developed historically. For example, CO is the oxide or monoxide of carbon, but even chemists most commonly refer to this substance as carbon monoxide.
So, an oxide is a combination of oxygen with a chemical element. The main science that studies their formation and interactions is chemistry. Oxides, their classification and properties are several important topics in the science of chemistry, without understanding which it is impossible to understand everything else. Oxides are gases, minerals, and powders. Some oxides worthknow in detail not only scientists, but also ordinary people, because they can even be dangerous to life on this earth. Oxides are a very interesting and fairly easy topic. Oxide compounds are very common in everyday life.
