The verb "to appeal" is a word borrowed from a foreign language. This is probably why its use is associated with a common speech error.
Origin of the word
The word "appeal" comes from the Latin appellare, which means - "call, speak." The one-root word is the noun "appeal". In Latin, appellatio means "appeal". This term has been associated with legal transactions for centuries. Let's take a quick look at what it means. Perhaps this will best explain how to correctly use the single-root verb "appeal" in speech. The meaning of this term is enshrined in legislative documents.
What lawyers mean
Let's say the court has ruled in a particular criminal or civil case. The convict and his lawyer do not agree with the decision of the court. They have the legal right to appeal to a higher court so that the work of the trial court is reviewed and the decision possibly reviewed. An appeal is complete when the case is retried, and incomplete when a higher judiciary checks the correctness of the lower judiciary.
Other meanings of the word
It turns out,an appeal is an appeal to a higher level of authority. So, to appeal is to appeal to higher authorities. Of course, this concept gradually left the narrow circle of legal terminology and began to be used in a broader sense. What do dictionaries say about him?
In Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary, the meaning of the word "appeal" does not go beyond jurisdiction. Here it is explained as an action to appeal against a court case, "a cry for justice." Synonyms of the verb in this case are the words “complain”, “send a petition”. In the more modern Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov, the verb is allowed to denote not only a judicial procedure, but also attracting public attention. To appeal is to seek support and advice from public opinion. Both meanings are also enshrined in the Great Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, edited by S. A. Kuznetsov. In this case, one can appeal to the human masses for understanding and assistance. A synonym for the word is “call”, “ask”. In the old days, this verb was used in the sense: to refer to authority. This semantic shade is permissible to use now. For example, to appeal to the opinion of Professor Likhachev; appeal to history.
Why can't appeal with words
Now it becomes clear why the verbal formula "appeal with words" is a gross speech error. Perhaps it is due to the fact that the phrase resembles an expression similar in design, but completely different in meaning."operate with words, terms." Indeed, one can operate with something, but it is permissible to appeal only to someone or something. For example: “The team appealed to the authorities to reinstate the former foreman at work”; "I appeal to your conscience." In the old days, you could use the form in which it was supposed to appeal to something: “He decided to appeal against a court decision that seemed to him unreasonable.”
Grammar portrait
From the point of view of the grammar of the Russian language, the word appeal is a verb in the form of an infinitive, irrevocable, in the active voice. It can be used in past, present and future tenses. Refers to the first conjugation. It can be changed by persons: I appeal (-eat, -yut); by numbers: you appeal (-et), in the past tense - by gender: appealed (-a, -o).
The verb is able to form perfect and imperfect forms, form participles and participles of the present and past tense. The verb can be used in the indicative, conditional and imperative mood. The stress in the infinitive and in all other forms of the verb falls on the third syllable: to appeal.
Speech errors with borrowed words
The existence of new words that came from other languages is an objective phenomenon. But, unfortunately, errors in their use are also associated with this. The comedy of such verbal incidents is in a well-known anecdote.
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Anka says to Petka:
- I made such a glass at the ball yesterday!
- Yes, not a glass, but fodder, stupid! -corrects Petka.
- Let's go and ask Vasil Ivanovich.
- Vasil Ivanovich, what is the right way to say: produced a wine glass or fodder?
- You know, guys, I'm not Copenhagen in this business ! the commander shrugs.
It is clear that Anka meant the word "furore", that is, a noisy public success, and Vasily Ivanovich wanted to say that he was not competent in these matters, that is, he was not an expert. Alas, such passages are found not only in jokes.
In the sentence "The girl had priority to literature" the word inclination is clearly implied. Priority, that is, superiority, may be not to something, but in something: priority in the economy. Another example: "The principal read me the summary so that I could study well." Instead of the word "notation", which means "moral", a word is used, the meaning of which is a brief description of an article, book, monograph. More examples: “I provided my reputation along with the documents.” The word 'renome' is misused to mean 'autobiography' when the true meaning of the word is an established opinion about someone.
Often, errors in the coordination and management of words occur in the use of native Russian lexemes. For example: "Required seller for food products." The word "seller" is used with nouns in the genitive case: a seller of (what?) food products. Another example: "I will help you with your education." You can help with something, but not with something. Therefore, the correct version of the phrase may be: “I will help you study” or “I can help you acquire knowledge in such and suchdiscipline.”
