Let's try to figure out what socialization is, what is its essence and peculiarity. Indeed, for each individual, entering society and mastering its basic norms is the foundation for a further trouble-free and successful life and activity. So what is socialization? Any modern textbook will tell you that this
the term implies the process of introducing a person to social paradigms, getting to know social roles, involving him in collective connections, teaching generally accepted behavior, values and attitudes. Thus, this process is necessary for every child for the subsequent full life in society, and it occurs through upbringing and education in the family, preschool institutions and school.
Development of the concept
For the first time, the question of what socialization is was raised by the ancient Greek thinker Aristotle, who discussed whether a person is a social organism or not. With the emergence of social science proper in the 19th century, this question was raised again. According to the popular opinion of that time, the original human nature was identified with the animal principle, and the process of socialization was seen as a literal humanization and giving the newborn socialinstallations. Later this point of view lost
relevance. With the development of evolutionary concepts and social science, it was proved that man was originally a social being. Accordingly, the question of what socialization is has changed its focus. Now this process was considered as a smooth adaptation of a person to the requirements of a particular society. It is no secret that human history has known many societies with different cultures and social norms. With gradual study, knowledge about this phenomenon also grew. Cognitive psychology, which studies the formation of adolescents, and psychoanalysis also contributed a lot to this.
Process steps
Modern theory of socialization identifies several stages of this phenomenon throughout human life:
- Primary socialization is the first acquaintance of the child with the outside world. This stage is perhaps the most important, since in the first years of life the basic attitudes are laid, which will continue to influence the perception of further education. At this stage, the child's parents play the most important role, since it is they who give him the first ideas about the world and society.
- Secondary socialization. It is already happening outside the home, in the first teams
peers in which a person falls: kindergarten, school. Here the child perceives new social roles and learns to interact with a numerical group. The most important foundation has already been laid during primary socialization, butat this stage, very important traits are instilled that subsequently affect life values and priorities, as well as the personal qualities of a person.
Besides this, there are several other types of this phenomenon. However, it is assumed here that the socialization of young people and adults is already taking place:
- Resocialization. The process of eliminating incorrect or unfavorable patterns of behavior and nurturing new ones already at a conscious age. Such resocialization occurs with each person throughout his life. In essence, this is a process of adaptation to a dynamic environment: the growth of technology, changing government roles, economic conditions, social perceptions, and so on.
- Organizational socialization is the process of acquiring professional knowledge and skills to fulfill a certain social role in an organization.
