Before, everything was simpler: a school graduate received a matriculation certificate and was considered a person who had received a secondary education. It was the basis for continuing education. Young people who wanted to gnaw at the granite of science could enter vocational schools, technical schools and universities. The first two types of educational institutions issued diplomas of specialized secondary education, and the last - of completed higher education. However, now the situation has changed somewhat. Applicant for a post - bachelor comes. “Is this higher education or not?” the employer thinks. The question, at least in Russia, is somewhat confusing. Let's try to figure it out.
In countries that are included in the system of the so-called Bologna process, the bachelor's degree is the lowest academic degree awarded to students who have mastered certain programs of study at the university. As a rule, they defended their final work before the State Attestation Commission and receivedrelevant diploma. A bachelor's degree allows such a person to continue their education. And after graduating from it, he can become a master.
It would seem that everything remains the same. A bachelor is a young specialist with a higher completed education. And a master is a person who has completed postgraduate studies and defended his PhD thesis. In the countries of the European Union and America, the vast majority of college and university graduates enter adulthood and find work with a bachelor's degree. Only smart people who plan to do scientific research or, in turn, become university professors go to the magistracy. However, the Western employer knows that the bachelor applicant sitting in front of him has been eating science in college for at least four years (and the doctor - 5-6 years). Thus, a bachelor's degree "there" is a full-fledged higher education.
In Russia, a bachelor is a university student who has studied for four years after high school. And after a vocational school or technical school - three or 3, 5, depending on the form of education. However, as you know, students in Russian universities or institutes take five courses. Thus, the two-level system, introduced in 2011, assumes that the first four years the student masters only general disciplines. Only in the fifth year a person chooses a narrow professional orientation in a given direction. This is the so-called speci alty. A BA in Psychology is one example of a college graduate. There is another option. "Family Psychologist" is an example of the secondtype of student preparation.
The diplomas that are issued to such graduates indicate in black and white that a bachelor's degree is a completed higher education. The document also notes the profile (direction) of such a young specialist: jurisprudence, economics, management. However, this student received only the initial skills of mastery. This has its pros and cons. Of course, four years is not five years, and in this a bachelor's degree is significantly inferior to a specialist's, and even more so a master's degree. But, on the other hand, a bachelor is a person who is not “fixated” on any one very narrow speci alty. It can find application in all branches of professional activity requiring higher education. And in the future, the bachelor, focusing on the needs of the employing organization, is able to hone his skills, having received a second education in two or 2.5 years.
