According to the traditional theory regarding what dimensions exist in the universe, how many there are, a person lives in a three-dimensional world. It has height, width and length. Sometimes time is called the fourth. However, the question of whether there are other dimensions continues to excite humanity for quite a long time. In this regard, new theories about this vast and unexplored Universe are constantly being born. As a rule, they are created in fantastic works.
Paraspace
This concept was created by writer Samuel Delaney. He took into account the idea of many fantastic works about how a person leaves his world, being transferred to other dimensions. He suggested that they may indeed be present in the real world. So, when a person experiences incomprehensible, as if alien sensations, hears something that is not in the surrounding reality, this may be part of another, parallel world.
Flatland
This world, assembled from 2 dimensions, was first described in 1884. He was describedEdwin Abbott in his book. Its main character was a square. In this world, the number of edges and corners indicates belonging to a particular social stratum.
There is no Sun in this dimension. But once every 1000 years, one person from the three-dimensional world appears here. However, the local population does not believe in the existence of other worlds. This book is more like satire than science fiction.
Super Sargasso Sea
In search of answers to what dimensions exist in the universe, paranormal researcher Charles Fort described this parallel world. He stated that it contains all the objects that disappear from the three-dimensional dimension. Sometimes they come back and disappear again. By this, Charles explained the presence of rains from animals, objects that are periodically observed throughout the Earth. Fort considered that this dimension was located between Great Britain and India.
L-space
Terry Pratchett answers the question of how many dimensions there are on Earth in his own way. L-space is a special world-library. This is a big information field. Here are all the data ever marked on the media, as well as all conceived. A number of them are very dangerous, for this reason, traveling through such a space requires compliance with certain rules. Only senior librarians know about them.
Hyperspace
This concept is used in many fantastic works. Hyperspace is a tunnel through which a person can move inother worlds are faster than the speed of light. The idea of this as an existing dimension of the universe was first proposed in 1634. Johannes Kepler wrote about him in his work Somnium.
The main characters planned to be on the island, which was located 80,000 km above the Earth's level. Only demons who used opium to put heroes to sleep could get there. They then transported them to this island by using the acceleration force.
Pockets of the Universe
Alan Harvey Guth was a physicist at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He, answering the question of how many dimensions of space exist, put forward his hypothesis. It consisted in the constant inflation of the cosmos - it simply expands every moment, and more and more separate Universes appear, they have their own laws of physics.
Theory of 10 dimensions
This theory proclaims a much larger number of dimensions than the 3 known to man. There are at least 10 of them. They influence the human world, despite the fact that its inhabitants do not see or perceive them.
The fifth dimension is the parallel world. The sixth is the plane in which there are universes like this one. The seventh dimension is the worlds that arose in completely different conditions than the world known to man. The entire history of the worlds is stored in the eighth dimension. The ninth contains worlds that live according to different laws of physics than this dimension. The tenth includes all the listed worlds. All their minds are unable to imagine.
Scientist data
Finding outhow many dimensions exist in the world, scientists are actively engaged. At the moment, this is a rather cryptic question. There are only assumptions that other Universes can be connected with any parameters. But today it is something from the category of dialectics alone.
Describing what dimensions exist on Earth, many researchers argue that other worlds must be either very small or huge. After all, it is with such anomalous dimensions for humans that distortions of the laws of physics occur. Time travel is possible, but only to the future, not to the past. However, these statements of scientists also remain only at the level of theory. They are not proven by anything.
Scientific view
When someone thinks about what dimensions exist, as a rule, he means a parallel world with an alternate reality. Usually it seems that it should exist in parallel with the current world, but in it everything is different. But in reality, the role of other dimensions is somewhat different.
Dimensions are different facets of what is considered reality. From an early age, a person lives surrounded by three dimensions - length, width, depth. These are the X, Y, Z axes. Scientists only speculate that there are others.
The Fourth Dimension
Scientists say that time is the fourth dimension. Together with other axes, it allows you to determine the position of an object in the surrounding world. The remaining dimensions are difficult to describe, despite the attempts of scientists to unravel and explain them.
Describing how many dimensions there are in the universe, scientists describe six more in addition to the traditional ones. If you follow string theory, it is in them that the explanation of natural relationships lies. A person perceives only three of them, which means that the rest are too small.
Research History
A 1917 paper by physicist Paul Ehrenfest had a big impact on scientists' opinions about how many dimensions there are in the universe. He listed in it evidence that the known 3 dimensions fully describe our world.
He noticed that planetary orbits require inverse force laws. Otherwise, the planets would not be able to follow constant orbits.
The universe is not only space. The mathematician Hermann Minkowski once documented that Einstein's theory of relativity is best expressed in four dimensions. He suggested using both space and time to describe. Einstein himself used the same concept to describe gravity.
For many years, scientists have tried to combine light as a natural force with nuclear, with gravity to create a unified theory of fundamental forces. The earliest approaches proved inaccurate.
During his research on the subject, Klein found out that the 5th dimension can hardly be seen. The space only looks three-dimensional. The next dimensions are in a tiny loop.
Finding out how many dimensions there are, contemporaries of this scientist at the beginning of the 20th century explored internal dimensions. Throughout the century, there have beenattempts to expand measurements, find the following, including electromagnetism here.
By the end of the twentieth century, new theories emerged. Thus, the idea arose that the main component of nature is the threads of energy. Superstring theory became widespread in the 1990s. It answers the question of how many dimensions there are: there are 10 in total.
What happens in other dimensions?
Despite all kinds of attempts by science fiction writers to tell how many dimensions there are and what happens in them, the reality turns out to be somewhat more prosaic. Man does not perceive other dimensions. It is known that, being in the fifth dimension, a person would see a world that is somewhat different from his usual one. In the sixth, the plane of other worlds would be visible, which would begin in exactly the same way as the current world. If a person were able to master it, he would be able to be transported into the past and into the future. Including an alternate future.
The seventh dimension would open the way to other worlds that started from different conditions. Previously, the beginning would always be one, but here it would be alternative.
In the eighth dimension, all possible stories would be found, they would have an infinite number of branches. Everyone has a different start. The ninth dimension would make it possible to compare all the histories of worlds with different laws of physics and conditions. In the tenth, one would be at the point where everything conceivable was embraced. String theory explains these 6 dimensions.
If you read scientific papers explaining how many dimensions there are, sooner or laterthe researcher will stumble upon the concept of "brane". It is an object, a point particle in higher dimensions. Branes move through space and time. They have mass, they may have their own charge.
Many scientists believe that it is possible to use a telescope to detect light from the early universe that existed many billions of years ago. Then it will become clear how the extra dimensions have affected the Universe.
If string theory is proven one day, the whole world will admit that there are 10 or more dimensions in total. But it is not known if it will ever be possible to visualize high dimensions.
Modern look
For the first time I seriously thought about the fact that the fourth dimension is time, Einstein. It turned out that there is no single time in the Universe. The point is not that it is native in Tokyo, but different in Moscow, but that the clock on the Moon will go completely differently than on Earth. It is relative. Time is highly dependent on how fast the object is moving. The faster it is, the slower time will go. For this reason, the clocks on the moon are always slow. Space is closely related to time.
There is Saslo's theory, according to which the Universe was once, before such a large-scale expansion, was two-dimensional. It is based on the assumption that the other dimensions were indistinguishable at that moment. Scientists believe that there is a certain quantum of space, less than which there is none. And it is likely that the rest of the dimensions were simply in such a collapsed position,that they could not be distinguished. Subsequently, they began to open up.
Within the framework of the current Universe, it is obvious that 4 dimensions are not enough to describe everything that is observed around. It is noteworthy that Newton's simple laws are enough to explain the simplest phenomena on Earth. While in the calculations used for space, scientists resort to Einstein's theory and four-dimensional mathematics. But even 4 measurements were not enough. At the moment, far from all the laws and forces that move the world are open. As a rule, a person sees a very small part of the Universe.
For example, in the course of calculations, scientists are faced with the following questions. They determine the mass of stars, which they see exactly, with gas between stars, planets. When summing this mass, a certain number is obtained. But if you substitute it into the rotation formula, it turns out that the edges of the world are moving much slower than they actually are. Mass should be 10 times more. Thus, scientists see only one mass, and nine more have not been found. This is dark matter. In addition, we know that the universe is expanding. And thanks to what energy - it is not clear.
The most important problem in the exploration of space and other dimensions is the desire of man to transfer the laws that work on Earth to the external environment, and as a result, some kind of dark matter appears. That is, a person tries to deduce the big picture from a particular one.
According to the same scheme, small additional dimensions were introduced, which are there, but a person does not see them. From an early age, the human brain is veryseverely limited by the perception of only three dimensions.
Although fantasy works often describe how one day it will become possible, thanks to the study of subsequent dimensions, to push the space around, to enter enclosed spaces, in reality, as scientists note, this is impossible. At the same time, they do not exclude the possibility that it will be possible to "bend" it. For example, due to some curvature in space and time, a person will move from one point to another.
Now the shortest way is the straight line. But, having folded the sheet and pierced it through, it is possible to be at the end point instantly. This is probably what one day people will do with space and time. In fact, the three-dimensional world is a similar flat sheet, which is completely "pierced". Scientists continue to actively move in this direction. So, people not so long ago learned to detect planets in other solar systems. Although people understood that the stars have planets, they could not detect them.
However, the human mind has developed to the point where he was able to see with his own eyes the planets located so far away, to find out their composition, without being on their surface. At the moment, the human mind is actively working to discover the distortions of time and space, measurements.
