When a child goes to school, some parents are simply unable to help him with a home building, because they themselves have been at school for a very long time and do not remember much. This article will discuss how to help your child make an orthoepic analysis of a word. First, let's remember what orthoepy is?
Orthoepy is the science of pronunciation. Orthoepic analysis is an analysis of the features of the pronunciation of words.
In the Russian language, a certain pronunciation of some sounds has been established, which does not correspond to their spelling due to certain rules. Let's take a look at them.
The most important rules for pronunciation of literary words:
1. Words to, which are pronounced like (shtoby), (shto), the words rain and rain are pronounced like (dozhzh), (dosh).
2. When combining a number of consonants - stl, rdts, stn - one of the sounds is not pronounced. For example, (scha sl ive), (le SN ica), (se rc e).
3. The combination ch is pronounced in some words as sh (kane shn o), (square shn ik), (yaiShNitsa), but they write - of course, a birdhouse, scrambled eggs. But in most words, the combination of ch is pronounced in accordance with the spelling: country, juicy, river.
4. At the end of words, instead of the sound g, they hear k: (dru K), (pl K), ([lu K), and they write - friend, plow, meadow.
5. Paired voiced consonants, standing in the middle of a word before deaf consonants, are pronounced as paired deaf consonants: (ku P), (gri P), and they write - cube, mushroom.
6. The endings -tsya, -tsya are pronounced as - tsa (old CC A), [(abl CC A), (mcha CC A), endings - him, th are pronounced as - ivo, -ava (light AVA), (chIVO), (KAVO).
7. Deaf consonants are voiced if they stand before voiced consonants: (eGsubstitutions), (koZba), (fuDball player).
8. After the hissing sounds zh, sh and the consonant sound q, instead of the vowel e, they pronounce the middle sound between (e) and (s) - (zhYebark).
9. Before hissing w, h, w, consonants s, z are pronounced as long hissing (Ж burned), (Ж fried), (be ZhZh worn out). At the beginning of the word, the mid sounds like a hissing u: (Sch astvy), (Sh et), (Sch et), and they write - happy, count, counted.
10. The letters e, e are written in the same way as they are pronounced, if they are at the beginning of the word (it's going to be an experiment).
11. If the vowels e, i are not stressed, then they are pronounced as a sound close to the vowel and: (d And sleep), (d And lovaya), (in And network).
12. The vowel letter o is pronounced as a sound close to a, if it is in an unstressed position: (m A l A ko), (in A yes), (g A sili).
13. The vowels o, a, which are not under stress, are pronounced as a weakened sound (a):(kamar), (samavar). The vowels under stress are pronounced as they are written: gray, descended, kosim.
14. In Russian and foreign words, double consonants are pronounced without doubling: Russian, Belarusian, accurate, except for: manna, bath.
15. After hissing w, c, w, pronounce a, e, but write e: iron, woolen, solid.
16. In foreign words, after soft consonants, they write and pronounce the letter e: Colosseum, deanery, manner, and after a consonant letter or vowel and write e, but pronounce e: coffee, diet, atelier. Exception: peer, mayor, sir. In other cases, after vowels, they write and pronounce the letter e: maestro, poetic, silhouette. Exception: project.
Orthoepic analysis of the word should be done as follows:
1. Read it. See if it could sound different.
2. Look up the correct pronunciation of this word in the orthoepic dictionary.
3. Pronounce it correctly. (In the event that you need to conduct a written analysis, write down the word with marks (explanations) of stress and pronunciation.)
Orthoepic analysis - examples:
- Zaba'beyond - the stress falls only on the 2nd syllable;
- yai 'ch nitsa (shn);
- scarf' (ne') - non-cl, noun.
Phonetic analysis is the determination of the number of letters and sounds in a word, as well as the characteristics of all sounds.
If you can make a mistake when pronouncing a word or placing stress, then they do an orthoepic analysis, and if you need to characterize allsounds and letters, then the phonetic analysis of the word. It is impossible to know the Russian language well without studying such important sections as orthoepy and phonetics.
