Foreigners who study Russian often complain about its complexity: cases, declension, conjugation, stress in words - all this is difficult and incomprehensible. We have been speaking this language since birth, and if we somehow cope with oral speech, then everything is not so good with written speech. The spelling of the suffixes "n" and "nn" in some parts of speech is one of the topics that makes you strain your memory in order to remember the rules once learned in school.
Determining the part of speech
Knitted or knitted scarf? To answer this question, it is necessary to determine which part of speech we are dealing with: with a verbal adjective or with a participle. Such an adjective differs from the participle in that, firstly, it is formed from imperfective verbs without a prefix and, secondly, it does not have a dependent word with it. For example, a torn dress. What to do? Tear. Smoked ham - smoke, sauerkraut - sour, dyed hair - dye, ironed shirt - iron - we have adjectives formed from verbs. The spelling "n" and "nn" in the suffixes of participles and verbal adjectives obeys one andthe same rule. Let's remember him.
When one "n" is written?
As mentioned above, the following facts influence the spelling of one "n":
1. The formation of a word from an imperfective verb.
Fried mushrooms - what to do? Fry. Confused answer - what to do? Confuse. Paved roads - what to do? Pave.
2. The absence of a prefix (the prefix "non-" may be in the word, but it does not affect the spelling of "n" and "nn".
Painted fence - unpainted fence, bleached hut - unbleached hut, boiled milk - unboiled milk.
3. No dependent word.
4. Before us is a short passive communion: the task is solved, the tree is decorated, hands are lowered.
Now we know exactly how to write "knitted" or "knitted". It is true "knitted", since the word is formed from an imperfective verb without a prefix (what to do? - knit) and the dependent word is missing.
Must remember?
The number of letters "n" in words does not always depend on the general rule, in some cases this spelling was fixed historically. Then the spelling of these words must be remembered.
So, you need to remember that one "n" is written:
1. In revolutions, the planted father and named brother and in the adjective dowry (of the bride). But outside of these combinations, the spelling of words depends on the prefix: planted to my left, named after my great-grandfather, dowry.
2. In combinations ironedironed trousers, darned-darned shirt, patched-patched socks, despite the fact that the second part of the word has the prefix "re-".
3. In cases where the sacrament turns into an adjective: a written beauty (beautiful, as in a picture), a finished person (not capable of anything), forgiveness Sunday (the last before fasting).
4. As part of complex adjectives, for example: homespun canvas, little traveled road, lightly s alted herring. But if a prefix appears before the second part of the word, then it will be "nn": freshly frozen fish.
On a windy day on Maslenitsa in a cozy living room, the planted father introduced the named brother to a smart girl, a hard worker, a written beauty with a big dowry. This sentence will help you remember words that always have one "n" in their spelling.
When is "nn" spelled?
"Нн" is written when:
1. The word is formed from a perfective verb:
bought gift - (what to do?) buy, given word - (what to do?) give, thrown stone - (what to do?) throw.
2. Prefix available:
painted fence, whitewashed hut, boiled milk, confused answer.
3. There is a dependent word:
fried (in what?) mushrooms in oil, cobbled (with what?) street, solved by (who?) student example.
4. The word is formed with the help of suffixes -ova-, -eva-, -irova-:
marinated, concreted, illustrated, pampered.
Based on the above, we dooutput: knitted scarf or sister knitted scarf, or knitted scarf.
But you need to pay attention to the words forged and chewed, in which -ov- is not a suffix.
Putting knowledge into practice
It is required to answer the question: how do you spell the word "knitted" - with "n" or with "nn"?
Start building the reasoning algorithm:
1) the word "knitted" is derived from an imperfective verb, 2) no prefix, 3) there is no dependent word either.
The conclusion is obvious: the word knitted is spelled with one "n".
For a word to have -nn-, we will first add a prefix to it: tied, tied, tied, and then a dependent word: knitted (by whom?) sister, knitted (when?) long ago, knitted (from what?) from wool, knitted (with what?) crochet.
In the examples it will look like this:
- a knitted scarf, or a scarf knitted by a craftswoman, or an untied scarf,
- loaded wagon, heavily laden wagon, unloaded wagon,
- baked potato, ash-baked potato, baked potato.
Instead of a conclusion
The Russian language is difficult, but learning it is a very exciting and informative process. Can any of us say with complete certainty that he is fluent in his native language? Is it possible? After all, language proficiency includes not only the ability to write without errors and correctly punctuate, butyou need to know and correctly use all language norms and styles, have a clear idea of the means of expressiveness of speech. You can improve your knowledge of the language endlessly, at any age, constantly meeting something new and unexpected, discovering its features and secrets. The result will pleasantly please you: your speech will become competent, correct and harmonious.
