The English genius Isaac Newton lived on the border of the 17th and 18th centuries. It was during this period that Western civilization began to emerge. Newton plays a significant role in this. His three famous laws formed the basis of classical mechanics. This is especially true of Newton's first law. The inertial view of motion has changed all ideas about mechanics. The world has become different, more understandable. Science and industry have received a big boost to speed up.
Basic concepts
Before the discovery of the Englishman, it was assumed that in order for a body to move, force must be applied to it. Otherwise, it will just stop. The thinker of the late 17th century cast aside all prejudices and proposed to build a speculative model of the world in which bodies are not affected by extraneous forces, and their structure is ideal.
The works of Galileo Galilei brought him to this. The movement of cosmic bodies almost never stops. Nothing prevents them from moving in a vacuum.
The first law was bornNewton, which is formulated as follows:
"Without the action of external forces, or if the action of these forces is equal, the body moves uniformly and rectilinearly."
The idea of the world has turned upside down. A new science was born - dynamics.
The concept of inertia
The statement that force must be applied to change the speed of movement has led to the emergence of a new concept - inertia.
One of the fundamental properties of matter got its name. If we turn to the Latin meaning of the word inertia, then it will mean - "inertia" and "inactivity". In other words, the state of the system can only be changed by the action of external forces. A scientific definition appeared: strength is the cause of a change in the state of the body.
The third consequence of Newton's first law was the concept of acceleration, which describes the change in the speed of movement.
Examples of problem solving
Let's try, using the concepts of Newton's first law, to solve several problems.
Assignment. What forces act on the airship during: a) its movement in the air; b) while at the airport?
Answer: a) the attraction of the earth is compensated by the buoyancy force of the air, the thrust of the engine compensates for the resistance of the environment; b) the buoyancy force of the air is compensated by airfield anchors.
Assignment. How can the following phenomena be explained: a) during rain, drops fall to the ground at the same speed; b) the space satellite flies with the engines turned off.
Answer: a) a raindrop falls by inertia. In the lower layers of the atmosphere, the effect of the force of gravity of the earth is compensated by air resistance; b) the satellite moves in a straight line and uniformly by inertia if no external forces act on it.
Practical value
As you can see from what was written earlier, there is no formula for Newton's first law. It has only a verbal description, there are no numerical characteristics for its values. Nevertheless, its significance in real life is very great. It is the cornerstone of all modern mechanics.
- Without knowledge of the laws of inertia, it is impossible to imagine the entire program of space exploration.
- Man daily uses a modern car. The entire safety system of the machine is based on the knowledge of how bodies with different masses will behave during a sudden stop.
HPPs make a significant contribution to the world's energy. Their turbines generate current under the influence of the inertia of the water
There are many examples where everything obeys the law of inertia.
Philosopher's view
Like any fundamental concept, we are considering goes far beyond the original application. Its ideological significance can hardly be overestimated. As soon as the reporting system is correctly defined, Newton's first law will manifest itself, regardless of the type of human activity.
Doing what we love, we do not even notice that we are working by inertia. The power of hunger must manifest itself so that we can interruptyour occupation. It is worth going on vacation to rest, we get used to it so much that it will take an effort to return to the working rhythm.
Once a social system is set up, it develops by inertia. Significant forces are required to change the direction of its development.
Newton mechanics
The crucial importance of Newton's first law has already been noted. The definition of subsequent laws is in its development.
The second law states that the body receives acceleration in proportion to the applied force. With respect to mass, there will be an inverse relationship. To put it another way, the body will change the speed of its movement the faster, the greater the applied force and the less the mass of the body.
The third law explains that action is equal to reaction. In other words, if one body exerts a force on another, then in response it receives the same effect. Only in the other direction.
All modern mechanics is based on these three laws. Of course, for calculations in the real world, complex formulas are used, more progressive models of the world order. But they all come down to three laws.
The format of the article does not allow a detailed description of all the rules and consequences arising from Newton's first law. To appreciate its significance, it is enough to understand simple things. To properly understand the world, sometimes you need to simplify the system. Refuse minor details and particulars. Select the main thing and follow the path of its study. Everything is reduced to simpler concepts. Importantuse the correct scoring system. The movement of the body is not absolute. Following the concepts of Newton's first law, the frame of reference in which the body will move can always be replaced by a simpler one, where the body is stationary relative to the point of observation.
Looking at the world in a new way can change a lot.
