The North Siberian Lowland (it can be clearly seen on the map) is a huge flat area located in the northern part of Eastern Siberia. It occupies the northern lands of two regions of the Siberian Federal District: the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Republic of Yakutia.
The lowland stretches for 600 km from the Taimyr mountains of Byrranga in the north to the Putorana plateau in the south, and almost 1,500 km from the mouth of the Yenisei in the west to the Olenyok River in the east. Thus, the lowland is located between 70 and 75 parallel north latitude, and between 83 and 125 degrees east longitude. That is, it covers the Taimyr Peninsula from the south, stretching from the Kara Sea to the Laptev Sea.
Climatic zones
Where is the North Siberian Lowland and how does its location affect the climate? This question is quite interesting. Let's take a closer look at it.
Almost all of it is located in the Arctic climate zone, and only a small area in the southwest is located insubarctic. Mostly the North Siberian lowland is a tundra zone. However, in the south and southwest there are areas of forest-tundra represented by deciduous thickets, and in the central zone of the Taimyr Peninsula, as well as in the northeast, the territory passes through the Arctic desert.
Mostly these are low-lying moss tundras with rare hilly or rocky heights up to 200 m, and sometimes up to 250 m. The area is densely saturated with numerous rivers and lakes. The largest of them - r. Anabar, Olenek, Pyasina, Khatanga, and the lakes - Taimyr, Kokora and Labaz. The tundra is heavily swamped.
The climate is arctic continental, summer is short, winter is very long. Frosts reach 50oC below zero, and summer temperatures do not exceed 20oC.
Since the North Siberian Lowland is located north of the Arctic Circle, the summer and winter seasons are accompanied by polar day and night. Autumn and spring periods are short. The change of seasons takes place within 2-3 weeks. The amount of precipitation in the North Siberian Lowland is low: from 200 to 400 millimeters. Throughout the entire territory, the soil thaws in summer only in the upper layer. This phenomenon is called “permafrost.”
Flora
North-Siberian lowland has a rather meager flora. It is represented by mosses, lichens (moss moss), berry bushes (crowberry, blueberry, bilberry), dwarf birches and willows. In the southern part, you can find deciduous woodlands, and in the ravines, protected from the wind,wild rose and low-growing mountain ash. The growing season is short: 6-8 weeks, but numerous angiosperms, polar poppies and sedges have time to bloom and let the seeds ripen.
Animal world
North-Siberian lowland is not too pleased with the diversity of the fauna. These are wild reindeer, arctic foxes, wolves, lemmings, snowy owls and partridges. In Taimyr, the contemporaries of the mammoth, musk oxen, were brought from Canada in the 1960s. In summer, a huge number of waterfowl migratory birds nest in the tundra: geese, ducks, goose.
Population
Indigenous local population is represented by Nganasans, Enets, Dolgans and in the south - Evenks. The main occupation of the representatives of these peoples is reindeer herding, hunting for fur-bearing animals and fishing.
