All words sorted by parts of speech. For example, a noun, an adjective, a verb, etc. Understanding which word belongs to which group is easy enough - you just need to ask the appropriate question, and everything immediately clears up. In addition, words also work in groups. They build sentences. Every word plays its part. It acts as a specific member of the proposal. In this case, the words perform their grammatical function and do it in accordance with certain rules and laws. The main one is information about who performs the action, what, with whom, where and when it happens. For all this, the main and secondary members of the proposal are responsible. Let's consider them in more detail.
Main sentence members
These include the subject and the predicate. To understand what is what, it is enough to ask a question. The subject is “Who?”, “What?”. The predicate is "What is he doing?". To be subject, a word must be in its initial form, the infinitive. Otherwise, itbecomes a secondary member of the sentence. This grammatical topic is first revealed to children in grade 3. The main members of the sentence are quite easy to understand and learn from numerous examples. It is good if they are supplemented with illustrations or tables.
Subject
Who/What? immediately shows which member of the sentence is the subject. The word that answers it is the main member of the sentence, and it is with it that everything happens in the narrative. Most often, the subject is a noun. The main and secondary members of the sentence can also be arranged in a different order. The subject usually comes first. It is underlined in the sentence with one straight line.
Examples:
Anna is watering the flowers.
The book is on the shelf.
The phone rings loudly.
Sometimes the subject can also be an adjective. However, only if there is no suitable noun.
Examples:
Green on.
Black slims.
Predicate
The question "What does he do?" immediately allows you to determine the predicate in the sentence. It always goes together with the subject and describes what is happening to him. It is difficult to confuse the main and secondary members of the sentence with each other if you immediately highlight the main pair. The predicate in the sentence is expressed by the verb. It can also characterize the state of the subject. In a sentence, the predicate is underlined by two straight parallel lines.
Examples:
The house seemed huge against the backdrop of small garages and buildings.
Lenawatching TV series every day.
Mom sat down at the house, waiting for the children from school.
Features of minor members of the sentence
They make the meaning of the main part of the sentence more precise, expanded, supplemented with details. From them we can learn about the place, time, mode of action of what is happening to someone or something. They can be identified by characteristic questions. The secondary members of the sentence (Grade 3, Russian language textbook by O. D. Ushakova) are the circumstance (place, time, mode of action), definition (whose / what?) and addition (whom / what? Etc.). They are not included in the grammatical basis of sentences.
Definition
It can be expressed in several parts of speech. Nouns, adjectives, and even pronouns that take the place of nouns serve this purpose. The definition gives a description of the subject. Typical questions for isolating: “Which?”, “Whose?”. A wavy line is used for underlining.
Examples:
The full moon came out from behind the clouds.
A big box blocked the way.
Supplement
If the noun does not answer the question "Who/What?", you can definitely say that this is an addition. It is expressed not only by nouns, but also by pronouns. Dotted lines are used for underlining in sentences. Questions of indirect cases very accurately help to isolate the main and secondary members of the sentence.
Examples:
Neighbors bought a new car.
Grandmother took her granddaughter from kindergarten immediately afterlunchtime.
The flowers were cut with a sharp knife.
Circumstance
It indicates the place, time, reason, purpose, mode of action, clarifying, explaining and adding details to the description of what is happening. In each case, the circumstance answers the corresponding questions. For example:
Place: Where does it happen/Where does it go/Where does it come from?
Mode of action: How did it happen/How did it happen?
Reason: Why did it happen/Why is this happening?
Time: When did it start/When did it start/How long will it last/How long will it take?
Purpose: Why is it/What is it for?
The role of circumstance in a sentence can be performed by a noun, adverb and pronoun. For underlining, a dash-dotted line consisting of dots and dashes is used.
Examples:
A bunch of bananas lay on the table in the kitchen.
Acquaintances canceled a trip to the beach due to bad weather.
He constantly reads a lot of books to appear smart.
Table "Main and minor members of the sentence"
To remember the rules and learn to distinguish between main and secondary members of a sentence, it is recommended to perform a number of special exercises in practice. They will give the necessary result in consolidating the skill.
