Every one of us, young and old, daily deals with texts: lullabies are sung to babies, poems and fairy tales are read to children a little older, schoolchildren and adults encounter texts almost everywhere. Has anyone thought about the meaning of the word "text"? In this article, we will consider this issue in detail.
Text is…
The noun "text" comes from the Latin word textus, which translates as "combination", "interlacing", "fabric". So what is text?
Text is:
- An object of study in various sciences, which is a certain coherent sequence of linguistic signs that forms a single whole.
- Sentences united by main idea, thought and theme.
- Handwritten or typed speech.
- Printed set without illustrations.
Morphological characteristics
The word "text" consists of five letters and five sounds.
From the point of view of morphology, the text is a common and animate masculine noun.
Declination
Allnouns ending in a consonant are declined according to the second type.
| Case | Question | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | What? | Text is printed and written sentences, united by a common theme. | Texts for dictations you will find in this collection. |
| Genitive | What? | Without lyrics, this music sounds bland. | These lyrics have too many flaws. |
| Dative | What? | Don't judge an author's talent by one text. | Let's start by coming up with names for these two texts. |
| Accusative | What? | This science studies the text as a coherent system of signs. | I read all the texts yesterday. |
| Instrumental | What? | Before this text, you need to place a beautiful illustration. | Milena Anatolyevna worked with texts all night. |
| Prepositional case |
About what? What? |
I found four errors in this introductory text. | In today's lecture we will talk about texts and their varieties. |
You should pay attention to the fact that in the noun "text" always, in all cases, the stress falls on the first syllable.
Signs of text
Text has several characteristics:
- Sentences in the text are arranged in a certain order and are interconnected. This sign is called connectedness.
- Integrity. The text is perceived as something whole. This integrity is achieved by the unity of the theme and the basis of thought.
- Informative. Any text carries some information on the web.
- Situational. We understand the text when we are aware of the situation in question.
- Articulation. Text can be divided into smaller parts.
- Completion. The text is considered complete when a person has received exhaustive information from it according to the title or the intention of the author.
Text types
Linguists distinguish three main types of text.
Description. Such texts describe the characteristics of objects, nature, people, phenomena, etc
For example: "The evening was warm, but windy. The sunset painted the tops of the mountains reddish-yellow. Clouds, like newspaper boats, raced across the sky. It was beautiful and a little creepy."
Narrative. In narration, the theme of the text is revealed through action, so there are many verbs in it
For example: "Once upon a time there were three brothers. Once they went to the mountains. They met an angry sorcerer. He looked at the brothers with an icy look and turned them into mountains. In memory of the missing brothers, these mountains were called "Three Brothers".
Reasoning. The reasoning text is a conclusion and consists of three parts: thesis, proof and conclusion
For example: "Everyone has only one, most beloved Motherland. There are many names for the Motherland. Motherland - because we were born here. They call it Fatherland because our fathers, grandfathers and great-grandfathers lived on this land. Mother or mother we call, because we are fed with bread grown in its open spaces. There are many different lands on our planet, but each person has one homeland."
