The human brain is a very complex organ in its structure, which consists of many nerve cells and their processes. The striatum can be attributed to one of the structural parts of the brain.
Definition
The striatum of the brain is an anatomical structure of the telencephalon, which belongs to the basal nuclei of the hemispheres of the human brain.
The body got its name because in the frontal and horizontal sections of the brain it looks like alternating bands of white and gray matter.
The earliest studies showed that the peak of striatal activity occurred at the time when a person was 15 years old. But recent work shows that the real activity of the body begins closer to 25 years, and hyperactivity occurs at 30 years old.
In addition, in a rather interesting study, scientists have found that the brain reacts when wages do not cover the effort that a person has put into work. So, if an employee understands that his colleague gets more for the same amount of work, then the motivation for long-term work capacity decreases. Conversely, when work is overestimated, the desire to work increases.
Building
Striatum consists of:
- Caudate nucleus.
- Lenticular kernel.
- Fences.
If you look at the body under a microscope, then it consists of large neurons with long tails that go beyond the borders of the striopallidary system.
The parts of the tail body are the head, body and tail. The head forms the lateral wall of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle; the body of the nucleus is extended along the central part of the ventricle; the tail is located on the upper wall of the lower horn of the ventricle and ends at the level of the lateral geniculate body.
The posterior wall of the head of the nucleus is located on the border with the thalamus, separated by a strip of white matter.
Lentil-shaped kernel, as the name implies, its shape resembles lentils.
It is located sideways to the caudate nucleus and thalamus. When the kernel is cut in half, it has a wedge-shaped shape, the top of which faces the middle, and the base faces the side.
And small layers of white matter divide the nucleus into several parts:
- Shell.
- Lateral pallidum.
- Mesial globus pallidus.
The pale ball is a specific ancient formation (ancient body) that differs from other parts of the striatum both in macroscopic and histological appearance.
The fence is outside of the lenticular core. Outwardly, it is a thin, up to two millimeters, plate of a gray substance. The middle of the plate is even, and there are small bulges of gray matter on the lateral edge.
Main Functions
The striatum of the brain is considered one of the main subcortical regulatory and coordinating centers of the motor system.
Experimentally proven that the body contains vegetative coordinating centers that regulate heat generation, heat release, metabolism and vascular reactions.
The main functions of the striatum include:
- Regulation of muscle tone.
- Decreased muscle tone.
- Participation in the regulation of internal organs.
- Engaging in behavioral responses.
- Participation in the formation of conditioned reflexes.
Striatal injuries and consequences
When the striatum ceases to function, a person has the following disorders:
- Athetosis. Banal alternating limb movements.
- Chorea. Incorrect movements that are made without any sequence or order, capturing the entire musculature of the body.
- Intensification of unconditioned reflexes (defensive, indicative, etc.).
- Hyperkinesis. A significant increase in the auxiliary movements that accompany each main movement.
- Hypotonicity. Disorder of muscle tone, its decrease.
- The appearance of Tourette's syndrome.
- The onset of Parkinson's disease contributes to the death of neurons in the body, which is why domaphine, which is responsible for the human body's motor system, is not produced.
- The emergence of Huntington's disease.
In addition, damage to the striatum and tail nucleus in particular:
- Completely or partially prevents the perception of pain, visual, auditory and other types of stimulation.
- Decreases or increases salivation.
- Hinders orientation in space.
- Violates memory.
- Slows down body growth.
- Promotes the disappearance of conditioned reflexes for a long time. Human behavior can be inert and stagnant.
