Distinguishing the main signs of a revolution is important for any novice historian or researcher of social disciplines. What is its essential uniqueness, in particular, the difference from evolution? Experts identify the signs of a revolution, the main of which is the ability of classes to take joint mass actions that will be strong enough to resist the current government.
How to recognize a revolution?
The most important thing is rapid and significant changes that happen quickly and change the very foundation of the existing system.
The main signs of the revolution, which should pay attention to any novice historian. First of all, experts distinguish several types of revolutions. They can be natural, economic, political, scientific and social. If a crisis arises in a public or adjacent area, then all the prerequisites for a revolutionary situation appear.
Main signs
The main feature is a radical change in the existing state system, a global change in the attitude of members of society to the current government. The timing of these changes may vary. Mostrapid revolutions occur in one or two months, the maximum period is one or two years.
Signs of revolution, which also should not be forgotten, are that everything happens necessarily under the leadership of the revolutionary movement. Moreover, this movement can come both "from below" (if the force striving for change is in opposition), and "from above" (if they managed to seize power).
It is important to determine the causes of the revolution. This is primarily the inability of the state to effectively manage society. Among the economic reasons, the main one is the decline in the state economy, leading to a worsening crisis. The social causes lie in the unfair distribution of income among social classes.
Neolithic Revolution
It is important to understand such a concept as the Neolithic revolution. This is a key term for understanding how human society has developed.
At its core, the Neolithic Revolution is the transition of human society from the most primitive economy, which included hunting and gathering, to a more complex social structure. This is agriculture, which is based on animal husbandry and farming. This is important to understand when you are asked: "Group the signs of the Neolithic revolution."
Archaeologists have reliably established that the first domestic animals appeared about 10 thousand years ago. And, surprisingly, it happened in oneand the same time in 6-8 regions, independently of each other. First of all, they include the countries of the Middle East.
For the first time this concept was used by the British archaeologist Gordon Child, who lived at the beginning of the 20th century and adhered to the ideas of Marxism.
How to recognize the Neolithic revolution?
The main signs of the Neolithic revolution are as follows: the emergence of tools from radically new materials. First of all, it is a stone.
The next sign is the emergence of a division of labor. In human society, certain crafts are beginning to stand out, in which only specific people are engaged.
Third - the emergence of arable farming, as well as settled life. The emergence of permanent settlements.
Management becomes a special form of labor, and consequently, class stratification in society begins. An individual economy is born, private property appears. All these are signs of the Neolithic revolution.
Reforms and revolutions
The signs of reform and revolution are very similar in many respects, but still they differ greatly in fundamental points.
Revolution is a complete change in most, if not all, aspects of social life. And the reforms consist in the gradual and systematic change of one specific aspect of public life. At the same time, the existing social, social and political structure is necessarily preserved. Power remains in the hands of the current ruling class.
Therefore, the reforms in this case are closer toevolutionary processes, when there is no radical breakdown of the existing system.
Another difference is that reforms are necessarily carried out "from above". While the revolution most often starts "from below", from social strata that are not directly in power.
At the same time, it should be noted that in Soviet historiography, for a long time, most of the reforms were perceived as a direct threat to the existing power system. This happened even in those cases when the reforms themselves were not the result of mass demonstrations, but were initiated by public structures close to the current government. According to the opinion among historians, any changes were still a potential threat to the preservation of state power in the country.
