In order to understand what the Legislative Assembly is, you will need to plunge into history and figure out in which country and why the first Legislative Assembly appeared and how it influenced the course of history as a whole.
How the world's first Legislative Assembly appeared is a whole story that originates in France at the end of the 18th century. The people felt for themselves the inferiority of the absolute monarchy, which significantly hampered the development of the state. People wanted democracy, they wanted to be heard.
Estates in France
It is worth noting that French society at that time was divided into estates. The first was the clergy, the second - the nobility. Representatives of these estates were exempt from taxes. The third estate, which consisted of peasants, artisans and the bourgeoisie, did not fall under benefits and paid all taxesstate.
Causes of the French Revolution 1789-1794
In recent years, absolutism as a form of government no longer considered the expression of the interests of the nation a priority, but only defended those privileges that the first and second estates had. So, the nobility received the exclusive right to own land, trade was monopolized. These and other prerequisites gave rise to people's dissatisfaction with the actions of the ruling elite.
But the famine of the 70s of the 18th century became a factor provoking change. The period of crop failure and unemployment affected primarily the peasants. The wave of uprisings in the villages soon spread to the cities. In order to prevent the fall of the state and solve existing problems, Louis XVI Bourbon, who headed the country at that time, realized the need to convene the Estates General.
Convocation of the Estates General in France in 1789
The Assembly of the Estates General took place on May 5, 1789. It so happened that most of the seats here were occupied by representatives of the third estate. They expressed their dissatisfaction with the rule of an absolute monarch by grouping against him and proclaiming themselves the National Assembly. Some delegates from the upper classes supported the National Assembly. The king was demanded to accept the Constitution of the country.
The starting point of the French Revolution is the storming of the Bastille, a political prison. The appearance of the National Assembly, and then the Legislative Assembly, is the result of the GreatThe French Revolution, which was the first step towards the democratization of the state.
Establishment of the Legislative Assembly
Thanks to the adoption of the Constitution, 2 rounds of parliamentary elections were held in France, as a result of which the Legislative Assembly was established on October 1, 1791. It was an organization that consisted of only one chamber, where 745 people worked. The term of office was limited to two years.
Functions of the Legislative Assembly
The institution performed the following functions in the state:
- had the right to declare war;
- amended and adopted new laws;
- determined the number of ground and naval forces;
- introduced new tax duties;
- affirmed the acceptance of peaceful as well as commercial international treatises;
- had the right to apply to the international court to initiate proceedings and prosecute those persons who held ministerial posts and were not among the employees of the Legislative Assembly.
The first such institution set itself the goal of fighting the unlimited power of King Louis XVI, defending the interests of the third estate and the state, and lasted until September 21, 1792.
The Legislative Assembly is the parliament of the country in which it operates. France in this case is known for the fact that it was in this state that the first parliamentary elections in the history of mankind were held. In the electionsonly those citizens who regularly paid taxes and had no debts to the state participated.
Crisis in Russia in the 1990s
Another historically important meeting was in Russia. The period of existence of the Soviet Union ended in 1991, when the republics that had sovereignty and were part of the Union began to leave it.
The form of government of the USSR was socialism. It was characterized by the absence of a class division of society, in which all the people adhered to the principles of collective labor and planning, and justice and equality of all people were proclaimed in the first place.
For a while, this political regime justified itself. But Western countries continued to develop, and democracy as a form of government spread more and more.
Thanks to the information that came to the Soviet Union, its citizens got the opportunity to observe the way of life of the peoples of other countries. The country itself at that time was going through hard times. The period of stagnation shook confidence in the correctness of the policy of the President of the USSR Mikhail Gorbachev, since the perestroika carried out by him could not save the country from the crisis. The people lived in unemployment and poverty.
August coup
In March 1991, an all-Russian referendum was held in Russia, which legalized the introduction of the post of president of the RSFSR. After the elections held on June 12 of the same year, Boris Yeltsin was elected president.
The idea of the Chairman of the Central Committee of the CPSU Mikhail Gorbachev to transform the existing Soviet Union into the Union of Sovereignstates was not to the liking of many conservative politicians. The possibility of letting the republics become independent became the main stumbling block. Then, on August 19, 1991, an illegal seizure of power took place - the August putsch, which lasted three days. Chairman of the Supreme Council and elected President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin, together with his associates, resisted the "putschists" and stabilized the situation in the country.
The August coup was a turning point in the complete collapse of the state. After an attempted coup d'état, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev was forced to dissolve party structures such as the CPSU, SKB and others, after which he resigned from his post and was replaced by the elected Boris Yeltsin. But it was not possible to save the Soviet Union, the country collapsed, and the republics began to separate and proclaim themselves independent states. This is how the Russian Federation appeared.
The Legislative Assembly of the Russian Federation
In Russia, the first step towards the democratization of the state was the national referendum, which took place in December 1993. This referendum adopted the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
The Federal Legislative Assembly is not only a representative body, but also a legislative body. He exercises state power throughout Russia. The State Duma and the Federation Council are the two functioning bodies that make up the Legislative Assembly. In essence, it is a permanent bicameral parliamentRussian Federation, which is spelled out in articles 95 and 99 of the country's Constitution.
The territory of Russia includes 85 subjects, which include autonomous republics, regions, districts, and with the Crimean Autonomous Republic they became 86. All these subjects are equal. In each of them, Legislative Assemblies of the region are held. The purpose of such events is the economic development of the state, the implementation of democracy. Those deputies who work in this body defend the interests of their voters.
The laws of the Legislative Assembly apply to all spheres of society: the budget, he alth care, education and others. But in order for them to come into force, the signature of the Governor is required.
Like the first in the history of the Legislative Assembly of France, the Legislative Assembly of the Russian Federation is the country's parliament. Both of these state bodies are focused on bringing the country out of the crisis. The resolutions of the Legislative Assembly are aimed at developing the state, strengthening democracy, economic growth and defending the interests of the nation.
