The Russian language has a number of sections, such as phonetics, graphics and spelling, vocabulary and phraseology, morphology, syntax. Each of them studies a certain level of the language, its features and functioning.
The most interesting section of linguistics
Lexicology and phraseology are considered to be one of the most interesting sections of linguistics. It attracts scientists, students, and even schoolchildren.
So, what does vocabulary and phraseology study? This section of linguistics reveals the vocabulary of the language, the functioning and history of the emergence of certain lexemes, as well as phraseological units, their meaning, types and features of use in speech. Next, we will look at each of the subsections.
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the vocabulary of a language. It is studied by such a science as lexicology. It examines the origin of words, their use and functioning, as well as historical changes in the vocabulary of a particular language. Let's take a closer look at what vocabulary and phraseology studies.
In the section "lexicology" is studied:
- The meaning of the word is direct and figurative.
- Origin of words - original Russian, borrowed.
- Groups of words according to their functioning in speech: historicisms, archaisms, neologisms.
- Words by area of use: commonly used, professionalisms, dialectologisms, jargon.
- As well as antonyms, homonyms, synonyms and paronyms, their use in speech.
Phraseology
Phraseology is a branch of linguistics that studies stable and indivisible phrases that have their own special meaning.
Structurally, phraseological units can consist of both one sentence (for example, the well-known expression "when the cancer hangs on the mountain"), or act as a phrase (for example, "sit in a galosh").
Phraseologisms, like words, can be polysemantic, enter into synonymous or antonymic relations. People who are interested in the question of what vocabulary and phraseology study should remember that linguists pay attention to the history of the emergence of certain set phrases, and also consider the ways they penetrate into the Russian language.
Lexicography
Another important issue to consider is lexicography. This section of linguistics is engaged in the collection of lexical material and its subsequent fixation in dictionaries.
For those who are interested in the question of what vocabulary and phraseology in Russian is studying, what isthe history of words and phraseological units, what they mean, it will be useful to work with the following dictionaries:
- Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language compiled by V. Dahl.
- Dictionary of the Russian language Ozhegov.
- Etymology and history of Russian words.
- Youth slang dictionary.
- Dictionary of Russian phraseology A. K. Birikha.
In them you can find a lot of interesting things about the composition of the Russian language, the origin of words and idioms.
Study in school
A lot of attention is paid to this discipline in the school course of the Russian language and literature. Even at the end of the fifth grade, less often at the beginning of the sixth, schoolchildren are told that they are studying vocabulary and phraseology, with examples, they are asked to work with dictionaries and complete simple tasks. As a rule, teachers give the task to establish a correspondence between a word and its meaning, to choose synonyms or antonyms, to find out the meaning of homonyms and paronyms, to find the meaning of one or another phraseological unit among the proposed options, to establish the history of its origin.
All this greatly expands the vocabulary of children, teaches them to work with the vocabulary of their native language.
At a later age, in the tenth grade, children again return to the question of what vocabulary and phraseology are learning, remember the material they have studied earlier and reinforce it with the help of various tasks. Successful assimilation of this section in the future helps to pass the exam. The acquired knowledge will be especially useful when writing an essay oressay.
Studying in universities
As for studying in higher education, the vocabulary and phraseology of the Russian language are considered only at philological faculties. Often, this topic is given a whole semester, during which students thoroughly study the language system at this level, the history of the origin of words and phraseological units, methods and techniques for working with them, and classifications. Also, in the course of training, they get used to working with dictionaries and reference books, compiling thesauri, translating and editing texts containing various types of vocabulary.
The question of the stylistic use of words belonging to a particular lexical group is also being studied. The acquired knowledge is consolidated in a course called "stylistics".
Conclusions
So, what is studied in vocabulary and phraseology. First of all, the lexical composition of the language, the functioning and origin of words and idioms in it, the use of various styles in texts, as well as the peculiarities of the translation of phraseological units and special vocabulary.
