Expression in Russian means "emotionality". Therefore, expressive vocabulary is an emotionally colored set of expressions aimed at conveying the internal state of a person who speaks or writes. It concerns exclusively the artistic style in speech, which is very close to colloquial in oral utterances. But at the same time, the artistic style has several significant limitations compared to colloquial speech. The author can say a lot, but not everything, if he wants to stay within the limits of literary norms.
Expressive coloration of speech
Many concepts contained in the Russian language mean not only the material or spiritual object itself, but also its assessment from the standpoint of the speaker. For example, the word "Armenian" is simply a fact that testifies to the nationality of a person. But if it is replaced by the word "khach", then it will be expressedpredominantly negative assessment of a person of this nationality. This word is not only expressive, but also colloquial, it does not correspond to literary norms.
The difference between vernacular and expressive expressions
Colloquial expressions are mostly typical for people who live in a certain area, have common hobbies, and may also be in the same age group. This is somewhat similar to dialects, although they are not characteristic of a particular ethnic group, but of a subcultural one. For the most part, vernacular expressions are expressive, but are not limited to them.
The same word "khach" is colloquial. But it also has an expressive coloring. Nevertheless, even an ordinary word can be emotional in context. For example, if the usual word "Armenian" is used in a negative context, then it becomes synonymous with the word "khach", although it is more literary. Colloquial expressions are very often a subspecies of expressive vocabulary. But, for example, the word "blond" is quite literary, although it refers to emotionally colored expressions.
Emotional and evaluative vocabulary - the same thing?
Actually, these are synonyms. Because expressive vocabulary always expresses a certain attitude of the speaker to something. But in some cases, emotional words do not contain evaluation due to their contextuality. For example, "ah" people say both when something good happened in their life andbad.
It also does not include words whose lexical meaning already contains an assessment. The use of expressive vocabulary is the use of words that have an emotional component, and not containing only emotion. So one conclusion must be drawn. A word becomes evaluative when an emotional component is superimposed on it by creating a certain context. At the same time, the independent lexical meaning of the word is preserved.
The use of expressive vocabulary in life
In life, a person uses a lot of value judgments, the main links of which are emotional expressions. In all spheres of life, even in the business sphere, expressive vocabulary is used. Examples are the statements of Russian diplomats regarding other countries. Even the president recently used a catchphrase, which is, on top of everything else, colloquial at a recent conference.
You can make any word expressive if you choose the right context for it. For example, take the sentence: "These citizens, if you can call them that, have not chosen the best way to demonstrate their strength." If you take the word "citizens" out of context, then this is the most common expression of a person's belonging to a particular country. But the part "if you can call them that" adds expressive coloring to this concept in the above sentence. The author's assessment is immediately expressed regarding the actions of people living in a certain country. Now let's bring a littleclassification of emotionally charged expressions.
One-valued words with a bright estimated value
In some terms, the emotional coloring is so pronounced that whatever the context, it will still be clear what assessment the one who writes or speaks wants to give. In another sense, such words are incredibly difficult to use. For example, how can you say the word "henpecked" in a positive or neutral context. As a rule, such expressions are used only if a person wants to express a negative attitude. Otherwise, softer words and phrases like "good husband" and others will be used.
"Henpecked" is a characteristic word. There are also terms containing the evaluation of the action. Such are, for example, the words "shame", "cheat". The former refers to the person who made the other feel ashamed, while the latter refers to deceit. This word, by the way, also has a predominantly negative connotation.
Possible words that take on emotional overtones when used as a metaphor
It happens that expressive vocabulary is formed only when using a word as a metaphor. Examples - nag her husband (a reference to the previous word), sing to the authorities, miss the bus. In general, the word "cut" means dividing wood into several parts using a special tool. But if you use itas a metaphor, then literally something like "divide the husband into several parts" will turn out. That is, even with a literal interpretation of this metaphor, there is hardly anything positive. So here is an example of a clearly expressive expression.
The use of expressive vocabulary creates the possibility of expressing one's attitude to certain phenomena or events. True, the slightest intellectual effort is required to recognize the expressive component of such metaphors, if a person has not encountered such expressions before.
Words with emotional evaluation suffixes
This type of expression is very interesting because it can have different shades, depending on the context. Expressively colored vocabulary of this type can have both a positive assessment (neatly), a negative one (children), and a contextual assessment (my friend). For example, the latter can mean both tender feelings for a friend and an ironic statement in relation to an enemy.
And what do the suffixes have to do with it? And because with their help you can give the word a different assessment. For example, take the usual word "table". If you add the suffix "ik" to it, you get a "table", and this is a positive assessment. If we add the suffix "search", then the "capital" will come out, which carries a predominantly negative connotation.
Conclusions
Expressive-emotional vocabulary occupies a rather serious position in our speech. Without it, it would be impossible to fully express the feelings of a person. And in the technologies of creationartificial intelligence at this stage have learned to make robots convey emotions only through emotionally colored expressions.
Also, expressive vocabulary allows you to better express your own thoughts in Internet correspondence, when there is only the possibility of verbal communication, and non-verbal is not read. Of course, the latter plays an incredibly serious role in communication, but without the use of expressive vocabulary, even the most artistic nature would not show anything.
