The period of antiquity is of great interest to both professional historians and lovers of culture, painting, architecture. Indeed, these two largest civilizations of antiquity gave the world many discoveries, inventions, achievements in almost all areas of human activity.
Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece are united in historiography under the general name of Antiquity, Antiquity. These words emphasize the commonality of socio-economic development, artistic culture, worldview of the ancient Greeks and Romans, while the Romans become the successors of the great Greek civilization and largely replicate it. But already with their characteristic features. At the heart of these phenomena lies the economic structure, which was based on the slave-owning mode of production. It was the slaves from all over the world that were the core of the economic development and welfare of these state entities. The history of Ancient Greece and Rome is replete with manifestations of open disobedience of slaves, the most famous of which were the revolt of the helots in Sparta and the uprising of Spartacus in Rome, which were suppressed. But their source was cruelty and absolute indifference toslaves who were simply not perceived as human, a view that was common among both the nobility and the free population.
However, the civilization of Ancient Greece and Rome is not limited to slavery. The Greeks are the discoverers of many political phenomena: undoubtedly the most famous is democracy. Not only democracy emerged from the environment of Greek civilization, but also the principle of separation of powers, although very primitive and improved by the Romans, who, in order to avoid arbitrariness, limited the scope of praetors and quaestors, and senators could even resist the emperor. Many of these principles formed the basis of European political models. Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece gave the world the Olympic Games, which were first held in the city of Olympia in 776 BC. e. The famous Roman law, consisting of many sections and very clearly developed, formed the basis of the laws of many countries of the world.
But the true heritage of Antiquity is the richest culture, which has come down to us in large volume. Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece revealed to the planet such famous people as Aristotle, Archimedes, Thucydides, Homer. Their works and discoveries radically changed the scientific picture of the world, philosophical views, enriched medieval literature. The works of Cicero and Virgil are classics of belles-lettres. Celsus and Galen are the founders of many medical discoveries. From antiquity preservedamazing in their monumentality, skill architectural monuments. The Parthenon, the Temple of Artemis, the Theater of Dionysus are classics of architecture. The Romans adopted and improved the methods and techniques of building structures, and all this was expressed in the Colosseum, the baths of Caracalla, triumphal arches and temples. This Greco-Roman style of architecture was later called classical. Thus, we can say that Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece are an inexhaustible source of culture for the whole world.
