When studying the Russian language at school, quite often there are linguistic terms that are not always clear to schoolchildren. We have tried to compile a short list of the most used concepts with decoding. In the future, students can use it when learning the Russian language.
Phonetics
Linguistic terms used in the study of phonetics:
- Phonetics is a branch of linguistics that studies the sound system.
- Sound is the smallest particle of speech. Highlight vowels and consonants.
- A syllable is one or often several sounds pronounced on one exhalation.
- Stress - emphasizing a vowel sound in speech.
Orthoepy is a section of phonetics that studies the norms of pronunciation of the Russian language
Spelling
When studying spelling, it is necessary to operate with the following terms:
- Spelling is a section that studies the rules of spelling.
- Spelling - spelling a word in accordance with the application of the rulesspelling.
Lexicology and Phraseology
- Lexeme is a dictionary unit, a word.
- Lexicology is a section of the Russian language that studies lexemes, their origin and functioning.
- Synonyms are words that have the same meaning when spelled differently.
- Antonyms are words that have the opposite meaning.
- Paronyms are words that have similar spelling but different meanings.
- Homonyms are words that have the same spelling but have different meanings.
- Phraseology is a branch of linguistics that studies phraseological units, their features and principles of functioning in the language.
- Etymology is the science of the origin of words.
- Lexicography is a section of linguistics that studies the rules for compiling dictionaries and studying them.
Morphology
A few words about what Russian linguistic terms are used when studying the morphology section.
- Morphology is the science of language that studies parts of speech.
- A noun is a nominal independent part of speech. It denotes the subject that is being discussed and answers the questions: "who?", "What?".
- Adjective - denotes a sign or state of an object and answers the questions: "what?", "what?", "what?". Refers to independent nominal parts.
- Verb is a part of speech denoting an action and responding toquestions: "what is he doing?", "what will he do?".
- Numeral - indicates the number or order of objects and at the same time answering the questions: "how much?", "which?". Refers to independent parts of speech.
- Pronoun - indicates an object or person, its attribute, while not naming it.
- An adverb is a part of speech denoting a sign of action. Answers questions: "how?", "when?", "why?", "where?".
- Preposition is a service part of speech that connects words.
- Union is a part of speech that connects syntactic units.
- Particles are words that give emotional or semantic coloring to words and sentences.
Additional terms
In addition to the terms we mentioned earlier, there are a number of concepts that it is desirable for a student to know. Let's highlight the main linguistic terms that are also worth remembering.
- Syntax is a section of linguistics that studies sentences: features of their structure and functioning.
- Language is a sign system that is constantly in development. Serves for communication between people.
- Idiolect - features of the speech of a particular person.
- Dialects are varieties of one language that are opposed to its literary version. Depending on the territory, each dialect has its own characteristics. For example, okane or akanye.
- Abbreviation is the formation of nouns by abbreviating words or phrases.
- Latinism is a word that came into usefrom Latin.
- Inversion is a deviation from the generally accepted word order, which makes the rearranged sentence element stylistically marked.
Style
The following linguistic terms, examples and definitions of which you will see, are often found when considering the style of the Russian language.
- Antithesis is a stylistic device based on opposition.
- Gradiation is a technique based on forcing or weakening homogeneous means of expression.
- Diminutive is a word formed with a diminutive suffix.
- Oxymoron is a technique in which combinations of words with seemingly incompatible lexical meanings are formed. For example, "a living corpse".
- Euphemism - replacing a word related to obscene language with neutral ones.
- An epithet is a stylistic trope, often an adjective with expressive coloring.
This is not a complete list of required words. We have given only the most necessary linguistic terms.
Conclusions
Studying the Russian language, students now and then come across words whose meanings they do not know. To avoid problems in learning, it is advisable to have your own personal dictionary of school terms in the Russian language and literature. Above, we have given the main linguistic words-terms that you will encounter more than once when studying at school and university.
