The Russian Tsar was called "the quietest" back in the 16th century. “The quietest” (later replaced by “the most merciful”) is an honorary title that was used to call the ruler of the Kremlin during prayers and toasts in his honor. However, in history, only Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the second representative of the Romanov dynasty on the Russian throne, remained the quietest of all Russian monarchs.
He was loved by the people, religious, kind, reasonable and well educated for his time. It would seem that the reign of the "quietest" sovereign should have been distinguished by calmness, regularity and prosperity. However, during the years of his reign (1645 - 1676) there were many popular unrest within the country and military conflicts with neighboring states.
The life story of a Russian monarch named Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov is a biography of a significant personality who made a significant contribution to the history and culture of the Russian state.
The son of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich was born on March 19, 1629. According to custom, until the age of 5, mothers and nannies took care of the boy, later the boyar Boris Morozov was involved in the upbringing of the future tsar. After the accession of his pupil to the throne, Boris Morozov actually ruled the country, which led to the Moscow uprising of 1648 - the "s alt riot".
This riot became an event after which Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov began to independently resolve the main political issues. In the later periods of his reign, the autocrat sometimes allowed his entourage to significantly influence state affairs, but only until such time as they pursued a policy that met his interests. In the era when Romanov Alexei Mikhailovich ruled, the state system of the Russian kingdom acquired the features of absolutism. The Code of Legislative Norms - the Cathedral Code, adopted in 1649, finally enslaved the peasants and, at the same time, expanded the rights of the nobility and merchant class. The church reform of Patriarch Nikon led to a split in the Moscow Church (the "Old Believers" appeared) and a fierce church-religious struggle.
An important foreign policy event was the conclusion of the Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 and the unification of the territory of Ukraine with the Russian kingdom. Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov waged wars with Poland. The war with Sweden (1656-58) for access to the B altic Sea ended in failure. During the 70s of the XVII century, the wars with the Crimea and Turkey did not subside. Popular dissatisfaction with the deterioration of the situation due to constant hostilities led to violently suppressed riots anduprisings (1648 and 1662 in Moscow, 1650 in Novgorod and Pskov, 1670-1671 under the leadership of Stepan Razin in the Don, the Volga region and the south of the Moscow state).
At the behest of the Quietest Tsar, who ruled in the "rebellious" century, transformations were carried out in the army and monetary reform. During his reign, the first warship was built, "comedy performances" (theatrical performances) took place, European culture penetrated various spheres of life, and secular literature and secular painting appeared in traditional Russian culture.
Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov died on January 29, 1676, having blessed his son Fyodor to reign.
