Physics is one of the most important sciences studied by man. Its presence is noticeable in all spheres of life, sometimes discoveries even change the course of history. That is why great physicists are so interesting and significant for people: their work is relevant even after many centuries after their death. Which scientists should you know first?
André-Marie Ampère
A French physicist was born into the family of a businessman from Lyon. The parents' library was full of the works of leading scientists, writers and philosophers. Since childhood, Andre was fond of reading, which helped him gain in-depth knowledge. By the age of twelve, the boy had already learned the basics of higher mathematics, and the following year he submitted his work to the Lyon Academy. Soon he began to give private lessons, and from 1802 he worked as a teacher of physics and chemistry, first in Lyon, and then at the Polytechnic School of Paris. Ten years later he was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences. The names of great physicists are often associated with the concepts they have devoted their lives to studying, and Ampère is no exception. He de alt with the problems of electrodynamics. The unit of electric current is measured in amperes. In addition, it was the scientist who introduced many of the terms used today. For example, these are the definitions of "galvanometer", "voltage", "electric current" and many others.
RobertBoyle
Many great physicists worked at a time when technology and science were almost in their infancy, and, despite this, succeeded. For example, Robert Boyle, a native of Ireland. He was engaged in various physical and chemical experiments, developing the atomistic theory. In 1660, he managed to discover the law of change in the volume of gases depending on pressure. Many of the great physicists of his day had no idea about atoms, and Boyle not only was convinced of their existence, but also formed several concepts related to them, such as "elements" or "primary corpuscles." In 1663, he managed to invent litmus, and in 1680 he was the first to propose a method for obtaining phosphorus from bones. Boyle was a member of the Royal Society of London and left behind many scientific works.
Niels Bohr
Often, great physicists turned out to be significant scientists in other fields as well. For example, Niels Bohr was also a chemist. A member of the Royal Danish Society of Sciences and a leading scientist of the twentieth century, Niels Bohr was born in Copenhagen, where he received his higher education. For some time he collaborated with the English physicists Thomson and Rutherford. Bohr's scientific work became the basis for the creation of quantum theory. Many great physicists subsequently worked in the directions originally created by Niels, for example, in some areas of theoretical physics and chemistry. Few people know, but he was also the first scientist who laid the foundations of the periodic system of elements. In the 1930s made many importantdiscoveries in atomic theory. For his achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Max Born
Many great physicists came from Germany. For example, Max Born was born in Breslau, the son of a professor and a pianist. From childhood he was fond of physics and mathematics and entered the University of Göttingen to study them. In 1907, Max Born defended his dissertation on the stability of elastic bodies. Like other great physicists of the time, such as Niels Bohr, Max collaborated with Cambridge specialists, namely with Thomson. Born was also inspired by Einstein's ideas. Max was engaged in the study of crystals and developed several analytical theories. In addition, Born created the mathematical basis of quantum theory. Like other physicists, the anti-militarist Born categorically did not want the Great Patriotic War, and during the years of battles he had to emigrate. Subsequently, he will denounce the development of nuclear weapons. For all his achievements, Max Born received the Nobel Prize, and was also accepted into many scientific academies.
Galileo Galilei
Some great physicists and their discoveries are related to the field of astronomy and natural science. For example, Galileo, an Italian scientist. While studying medicine at the University of Pisa, he became familiar with the physics of Aristotle and began to read the ancient mathematicians. Fascinated by these sciences, he dropped out of school and began composing "Little Scales" - a work that helped determine the mass of metal alloys and described the centers of gravity of the figures. Galileo became famous among the Italiansmathematicians and got a place in the department in Pisa. After some time, he became the court philosopher of the Duke of Medici. In his works, he studied the principles of balance, dynamics, falling and motion of bodies, as well as the strength of materials. In 1609, he built the first telescope, giving a threefold magnification, and then with thirty-two times. His observations provided information about the surface of the Moon and the sizes of the stars. Galileo discovered the moons of Jupiter. His discoveries made a splash in the scientific field. The great physicist Galileo was not too approved by the church, and this determined the attitude towards him in society. However, he continued to work, which was the reason for the denunciation of the Inquisition. He had to give up his teachings. But nevertheless, a few years later, treatises on the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, created on the basis of the ideas of Copernicus, were published: with the explanation that this is only a hypothesis. Thus, the most important contribution of the scientist was saved for society.
Isaac Newton
Inventions and sayings of great physicists often become a kind of metaphor, but the legend of the apple and the law of gravity is the most famous. Everyone knows Isaac Newton, the hero of this story, according to which he discovered the law of gravity. In addition, the scientist developed integral and differential calculus, became the inventor of the mirror telescope and wrote many fundamental works on optics. Modern physicists consider him the creator of classical science. Newton was born into a poor family, studied at a simple school, and then at Cambridge, while working as a servant in order topay for education. Already in his early years, ideas came to him, which in the future will become the basis for the invention of systems of calculus and the discovery of the law of gravity. In 1669 he became a lecturer in the department, and in 1672 a member of the Royal Society of London. In 1687, the most important work en titled "Beginnings" was published. For invaluable achievements in 1705, Newton was granted the nobility.
Christian Huygens
Like many other great people, physicists were often talented in various fields. For example, Christian Huygens, a native of The Hague. His father was a diplomat, scientist and writer, his son received an excellent education in the legal field, but became interested in mathematics. In addition, Christian spoke excellent Latin, knew how to dance and ride a horse, played music on the lute and harpsichord. As a child, he managed to build himself a lathe and worked on it. During his university years, Huygens corresponded with the Parisian mathematician Mersenne, which greatly influenced the young man. Already in 1651 he published a work on the quadrature of the circle, ellipse and hyperbola. His work allowed him to gain a reputation as an excellent mathematician. Then he became interested in physics, wrote several works on colliding bodies, which seriously influenced the ideas of his contemporaries. In addition, he made contributions to optics, designed a telescope, and even wrote a paper on gambling calculations related to probability theory. All this makes him an outstanding figure in the history of science.
James Maxwell
Great physicists and their discoveries deserve every interest. Thus, James-Clerk Maxwell achieved impressive results, which everyone should familiarize themselves with. He became the founder of the theories of electrodynamics. The scientist was born into a noble family and was educated at the universities of Edinburgh and Cambridge. For his achievements he was admitted to the Royal Society of London. Maxwell opened the Cavendish Laboratory, which was equipped with the latest technology for conducting physical experiments. In the course of his work, Maxwell studied electromagnetism, the kinetic theory of gases, issues of color vision and optics. He also showed himself as an astronomer: it was he who established that the rings of Saturn are stable and consist of unrelated particles. He also studied dynamics and electricity, having a serious influence on Faraday. Comprehensive treatises on many physical phenomena are still considered relevant and in demand in the scientific community, making Maxwell one of the greatest specialists in this field.
Albert Einstein
The future scientist was born in Germany. Since childhood, Einstein loved mathematics, philosophy, was fond of reading popular science books. For education, Albert went to the Institute of Technology, where he studied his favorite science. In 1902 he became an employee of the patent office. During the years of work there, he will publish several successful scientific papers. His first works are connected with thermodynamics and the interaction between molecules. In 1905, one of the papers was accepted as a dissertation, and Einstein becamedoctor of sciences. Albert owned many revolutionary ideas about the energy of electrons, the nature of light and the photoelectric effect. The most important was the theory of relativity. Einstein's conclusions have transformed mankind's ideas about time and space. Absolutely deservedly, he was awarded the Nobel Prize and recognized throughout the scientific world.
