Birds are highly organized vertebrates. Individuals are quite common on the planet as a whole. This is due to their ability to make long flights or adapt to the conditions of a particular area. Most of it is distributed in the forest belt. By the number of species, this class is considered the most numerous of the terrestrial vertebrates.
Distinctive features of animals
Birds have their own characteristics. These animals belong to the class of feathered, oviparous. Their forelimbs are arranged in the form of wings. The body structure is adapted for flight, but at present there are quite a few types of flightless individuals. Another feature of birds is the presence of a beak. Its structure may indicate the type of food that the animal mainly feeds on.
Summary of some types
Birds are found everywhere. Some of them are distributed mainly in settlements, while others make seasonal flights over various distances. To settled birdsinclude individuals living year-round in one place. They do not make long-distance migrations. As a rule, animals are adapted to living near humans. Many of them need feeding in the winter. Grains or food waste are the main food that resident birds eat. Nomadic birds are individuals that move from one area to another. Flights are carried out, as a rule, in search of food.
Sedentary birds. Examples of species predominantly inhabiting forests
Animals leading this way of life are distinguished by cunning, caution. They are able to warn each other of danger. Many of them live in packs. One of the fairly common species are woodpeckers. These sedentary birds feed on the seeds of coniferous plants, they are able to process several thousand cones per season. Woodpeckers are able to quickly and easily climb tree trunks, taking out larvae and insects. Animals are very common in the Yaroslavl region. There are about eight species of them. Nuthatches are sedentary birds inhabiting mixed forests and parks. You can also find them near human habitation. These animals are resourceful. Forage for them are mainly acorns, seeds of coniferous trees and linden, pine nuts, bird cherry berries. The nuthatches have been stocking their food since autumn.
Individuals that can be found near human habitation
Jay inhabits coniferous, deciduous and mixed forests. These sedentary birds are omnivores. Since autumn, the jay, like the nuthatch, stores food for itself - it hides acorns in the ground and cracks in trees. Inhabited mainly in the central stripIn Russia, in especially severe winters, the jay gets closer to human habitation. These birds attract attention with their rather bright color, noisy and very mobile behavior. In winter they live alone. Tits are common in various types of forests. They can also often be found in settlements. In winter, up to 90% of individuals die. Titmouse need top dressing in the cold season. Sunflower seeds, bread crumbs, hemp are suitable for this.
But most of all tits love uns alted lard. The jackdaw is considered to be a rather numerous species. These birds are quite common in the central strip of Russia. Individuals live in flocks, in winter they unite with crows and spend the night with them, clinging to each other. Jackdaws are omnivores. Living in the suburbs, they pick up food waste, thus fulfilling the role of orderlies.
Large forest dwellers
Some sedentary birds, whose names are quite well known, try not to approach human dwellings. Capercaillie are considered one of the largest species. They live mainly in the forest belt. They can be found in places where there is - at least occasionally - pine and there are many berry bushes. Almost the whole year capercaillie lead a terrestrial-arboreal way of life. Capercaillie feeds mainly on plant foods. During the winter, it feeds on hard and prickly needles, pine buds. Black grouse can be found in almost all areas of the central strip of Russia. These sedentary birds can unite in flocks or live alone. Males usually live intops of small trees. In winter, catkins and birch buds serve as the main food for animals. In the cold season, they usually unite in flocks, spend the night right in the snow. In a blizzard or a blizzard, they do not come out of hiding.
The most common resident birds. Names. Description
One of the species most adapted to life is the magpie. These sedentary birds are common both in the forest belt and in settlements. In winter, magpies live as close as possible to human habitation. They visit garbage containers, landfills, other places where they look for food waste. Sparrows are very adapted to living near human habitation, outbuildings. Birds are small in size with a short beak. They feed mainly on grain. Their nests can be seen in wall cracks, hollows, birdhouses. Sometimes birds can breed chicks three times during the summer. Sparrows are widespread throughout Russia.
Crows are found in settlements, most often in cities. These birds are fairly easy to tame. Ravens are omnivorous: they destroy rodents, pick up fallen fruits and seeds of plants. Nests are built from branches. In cold weather, birds get as close as possible to human habitation, unite in flocks. In winter, food waste serves as food for them. The well-known species - the dove - is common in settlements. These animals have a unique ability to navigate in an unfamiliar area, find their way home, and overcome a fairly long distance. pigeonsamenable to training and very quickly get used to the place of residence.
Seasonal changes in life
From the end of winter to the beginning of spring, sedentary birds begin to prepare for breeding. They pay great attention to mating games, spend time forming pairs. During this period, they significantly lose weight. Wintering birds are preparing at this time for the flight to nesting sites. In this regard, they begin to eat intensively. From spring to the first days of summer, birds spend time building nests, incubating eggs, rearing offspring, and protecting nesting sites. Since more attention is paid to the nutrition of the chicks, the parents noticeably lose weight. From mid-summer to autumn, enhanced replenishment of energy resources begins. Migrating individuals at the same time accumulate strength to make the flight. Animals feed heavily during this period, gaining mass. From autumn to winter, the energy accumulated last season is spent on maintaining the optimal body temperature. At this time, the birds also feed heavily and spend almost all days in search of food.
Migrating Species
The above is about which birds are sedentary. Now we will talk about some species that make migrations. In the central strip of the country, siskin is found in groves, parks and squares. Sometimes he can lead a sedentary lifestyle. It feeds on weeds, seeds of pine, spruce, birch, alder. Together with tits and sparrows, siskins fly to feeders in cold weather. Another fairly frequent guests are bullfinches. They are considerednorthern birds. In winter, individuals migrate towards the southern regions. You can often meet birds in settlements. They feed on the seeds of lilac, ash, maple. But most of all bullfinches love mountain ash.
One of the rare species listed in the Red Book of the Yaroslavl region is the tap dance. It occurs most often during winter migrations. Birds come together in small flocks. You can meet the mentioned birds in bushes, light forests. Sometimes they live in settlements. The tap dance feeds on whole seeds of alder cones, birch buds, seeds of sedges, heather and spruce. The waxwing lives in the northern regions. This bird species starts migrating in August, wandering to the southern regions. In winter, their food is hawthorn berries, viburnum, mountain ash. Individuals unite in flocks, flying into berry bushes. Quickly pecking the fruits, they fly to other trees.
