In Russian there are subjunctive, imperative and indicative moods. The beauty for us, as native speakers of the Russian language, is that by name we intuitively understand the essence of these grammatical categories, even if we cannot explain this from the standpoint of linguistics. The subjunctive mood is used when there is a certain condition for performing an action. We use the imperative mood when we command or order someone to do something, and the indicative mood when we tell something, express our thoughts. But this is a philistine approach. Let's look at the category of mood from the standpoint of linguistics.
So, any mood, not just indicative, expresses the relation of action to reality from the standpoint of the one who speaks. Therefore, we can consider inclination as an intentional, that is, depending on the goal of the speaker, category. To determine the mood, the position of the subject is always determined first, since it determines whether the action is desired, possible, or intended.
Reality and the possibility of action in 3 times -present, past and future - expresses the indicative mood. Example:
I never thought Beijing was such a beautiful city.
Looking through old photos, he involuntarily remembered the past.
It seems that nothing can be returned.
Wearily leaning on a stick, the old man hobbled along the snow-covered alley.
I'll go and talk to him next week, and you'll have all the paperwork ready by then.
Signs of the indicative mood are endings that indicate the person and tense of the verb. Verbs of the indicative mood can be perfective and imperfective and have the form of gender and number in the past tense.
The indicative mood in English is close to that in Russian. It performs the same functions and also shows that the action can be carried out at different times.
The imperative mood shows the expression of will to the second person, the addressee of the message. Inclination can act as an order, a request. All forms of the imperative mood are used in the 2nd person only in the active voice.
There are verbs from which the imperative mood is not formed. It is "to be able", "to see", "to want". The fact is that these verbs denote an action that cannot be controlled by a person. Some linguists take out the indicative mood as a kind of imperative, or rather, its forms and combinations with the particle "let". For example:
Leave the kids alone, let them play.
Let it be, no need to change anything.
And also poetic forms with the particle "yes":
Long live peaceful skies, happiness and sunshine!
The examples described are called synthetic forms of the imperative.
The subjunctive expresses a theoretically possible action. This action
can be carried out if certain conditions are met. The mood is formed by adding the particle "by" to the verb, that is, analytically:
If only mushrooms would grow in your mouth!
