Phraseology is a very interesting section of linguistics, attracting the attention of both those who want to master the spoken Russian language perfectly, and experienced scientists whose goal is to study it up and down.
First of all, a phraseologism is a combination of words, and, at first glance, it may not differ from the usual one. However, a feature of phraseological units is that the words in them lose their individual lexical meanings and are a new semantic whole. So, the phrase “watch a movie” is considered simple, while the well-known expressions “just spit”, “lead by the nose”, “hack on the nose” and many others are called phraseological or related. The meanings of phraseological units may vary depending on the situation and the goal pursued by the speaker.
In most cases, such expressions are fixed in the language as a result of their constant and long-term use by native speakers. Sometimes the "age" of a phraseological unit can reach several centuries. It is interesting that sentences with phraseological units are used by us every day, and sometimes we do not notice how we utter such phrases. In addition, the same phrase can be used both as a free phrase and as a phraseological one, depending on the meaning of the statement and the context. For example, you can "close your eyes when falling asleep" or "close your eyes to the terrible behavior of the neighbor's child."
Phraseology is a set of phraseological units, that is, expressions that are indivisible and integral in meaning, which are reproduced in the form of ready-made units of speech. Sentences with phraseological units are found so often, and the nature of such expressions is so heterogeneous that it became necessary to divide them into certain groups. This classification is based on the origin and traditions of oral use.
1) Phrases borrowed from colloquial vocabulary: “lose your head”, “talk your teeth”, “fish without fish and cancer” and so on.
2) Phrases from narrow, professional areas of use. For example, drivers say “turn the steering wheel”, railway workers brought the expressions “to a standstill”, “green street” into the Russian language, carpenters like to do work “without a hitch, without a hitch”. There are many such examples.
3) Phrases from literature. Sentences with phraseological units from literature are especially common, and, as a rule, these are sentences with terms from scientific use or expressions from outstanding works of fiction. Asexamples include the expressions "living corpse", "the case smells of kerosene" and others. Among the examples borrowed from the scientific literature, we will name the following combinations: “chain reaction”, “bring it to white heat” and other phraseological units.
Examples of sentences with such words can be found in any textbook of the Russian language, as well as in everyday speech of its average speaker, but they are widely used not only in conversation, but also in other styles of speech. In each particular style, the use of phraseological units is related to what they express.
Usually sentences with idioms appear where it is necessary to avoid dryness and stereotypes in communication. At the same time, it must be remembered that “bookish” expressions are distinguished by solemnity and poetry, and colloquial everyday phrases are characterized by irony, familiarity or contempt. One way or another, but phraseological units make our speech brighter, more interesting and expressive.
