Russian-Turkish wars are a series of conflicts between the respective states. The reasons for these armed clashes naturally stemmed from the neighboring geographical location and the mutually exclusive interests of the two powerful states. Russian-Turkish wars in the 17th-19th centuries were fought mainly for dominance in the Black Sea basin and adjacent land areas. However, this protracted series of wars has changed its character over the centuries due to
changes in the geopolitical situation in the region. Thus, the Russian-Turkish wars in the 17th and 18th centuries were the result of the aggression of the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, vassal dependent on it, in the Northern Black Sea region. On the part of Russia, these conflicts promised, in case of a successful outcome, the annexation of new coastal territories and, of course, access to the Black Sea.
However, since the second half of the eighteenth century, the Russian state is increasingly confidently advancing to the south. Russian-Turkishthe wars of this period acquire an aggressive character already on the part of the northern state. And if in the middle of the 17th century the Turks instilled fear in all of Europe, besieged Vienna, then a century later they are increasingly lagging behind Europe, which is undergoing a scientific and technological revolution, in military-tactical terms. From this period, Europeans gradually begin to crush the once powerful Iran and Turkey. Which, let's say, looking ahead, by the beginning of the 20th century become semi-colonial possessions of the states of the Old World. The Russian-Turkish wars in the 18th and especially the 19th century become part of the resolution of the so-called Eastern Question (which consisted in dividing the weakened Iran and Turkey among themselves)
1676-1681 conflict
For example, the war of the mid-17th century, in 1676-1681, was the result of Turkish-Tatar aggression in Ukrainian lands, their capture of Podolia (formerly owned by the Poles) and claims to the entire Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result of the Treaty of Bakhchisaray, signed in 1681, the Russian-Turkish border was established along the Dnieper from its rapids to the territories just south of Kyiv. Interestingly, just 50 years before that, the Ottomans actually threatened the existence of the Polish state. He was then saved only by the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks in 1621.
Russian-Turkish war of 1768–1774
This conflict has become one of the key in the entire history of military clashes. Turkey, as before, had plans to expand its possessions in the Black Sea region and the Caucasus. Russian successfulthe outcome promised finally the capture of the Crimea and the coast closest to the ports. During the hostilities, generals Alexander Suvorov, Pyotr Rumyantsev and admirals Alexei Orlov and Grigory Spiridonov, who defeated the Turkish troops and fleet in a number of battles, demonstrated brilliant military talents. In 1774, in the Bulgarian village of Kyuchuk-Kaynardzhi, a peace treaty was signed, according to which the Crimean Khanate passed under the protectorate of Russia. Several important ports on the Black Sea coast were the last to depart.
Russian-Turkish war of 1877
This clash was the result of the national liberation struggle of the Christian peoples of the Balkans, who for centuries were under the yoke of Muslim Turkey. This movement was used by the Russian Empire in its favor. Having come to the aid of the Serbs, Bulgarians and Greeks, Russia again inflicted a series of painful defeats on the Ottomans. This time they were almost completely and completely ousted from the European continent, having managed to leave behind only a piece on which Constantinople was located. Bulgarian independence was restored on the liberated lands. A number of territories were acquired by Russia, Austria-Hungary, Serbia and Romania.
