Explorers of Siberia and the Far East of the 17th century. Thanks to their activities, many major geographical discoveries were made. They belonged to different classes. Among them were Cossacks, merchants, fur hunters, and sailors.
Meaning of the word
According to encyclopedic dictionaries, explorers were participants in campaigns to the Far East and Siberia in the 16th-17th centuries. In addition, this is the name of those who develop the little-studied areas of these regions.
Beginning of the development of Siberia and the Far East
Pomors, who lived on the coast of the White Sea, have long traveled on small ships to the islands of the Arctic Ocean. For a long time they were the only travelers in the north of Russia. In the 16th century, the systematic development of the vast lands of Siberia began with the defeat of the Tatar troops of Khan Kuchum by Ermak Timofeevich.
After the first Siberian cities - Tobolsk and Tyumen - were founded, the process of developing new spaces went with accelerated force. The rich Siberian land and the expanses of the Far East attracted not only service people, but also merchants. Russian explorers activelyexplored new territories and moved deep into unexplored lands.
Initially, the development of Siberia and the Far East was reduced to the construction of prisons, and only at the beginning of the 17th century did the Russian government begin to resettle peasants in these regions, since the garrisons along the large Siberian and Far Eastern rivers were in dire need of food.
Famous discoveries
Russian explorers discovered the basins of such rivers as the Lena, Amur and Yenisei, came to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. They traveled all over Siberia and the Far East and discovered the Taimyr, Yamal, Chukotka and Kamchatka peninsulas. Russian explorers of the 17th century Dezhnev and Popov were the first to cross the Bering Strait, Moskvitin discovered the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk, Poyarkov and Khabarov explored the Amur Territory.
Method of travel
Pathfinders are not just explorers who have traveled overland. Among them were sailors who studied the river basins and the sea coast. Small boats were used to navigate rivers and seas. These were kochi, boats, plows and boards. The latter were used for river rafting. Storms often led to the loss of ships, as happened with Dezhnev's expedition to the Arctic Ocean.
S. I. Dezhnev
The famous Russian explorer, 80 years before Bering, passed completely through the strait separating North America and Asia.
First he served as a Cossack in Tobolsk and Yeniseisk. He was engaged in collecting yasak (tribute) from local tribes and at the same time sought to explore and explore newterritory. To this end, with a large detachment of Cossacks on several kochas (small ships), he set off from the mouth of the Kolyma to the east along the Arctic Ocean. The expedition faced severe trials. The ships were caught in a storm and some of the ships sank. Dezhnev continued his campaign and swam to the ledge of Asia, the cape, which later received his name. Further, the path of the expedition passed along the Bering Strait. Dezhnev's ship could not land on the shore because of the attacks of the local population. He was thrown onto a deserted island, on which the Russian explorers of Siberia were forced to spend the night in holes dug in the snow. Having reached the Anadyr River with difficulty, they hoped to get out along it to the people. At the end of the expedition, 12 people remained from a large detachment. They traveled all over Siberia to the Pacific coast, and this feat of Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev and his associates was highly appreciated in the world.
I. Y. Moskvitin
He discovered the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk and Sakhalin Bay. At the beginning of the service, he was listed as an ordinary foot Cossack. After a successful expedition to the Sea of Okhotsk, he received the rank of ataman. Nothing is known about the last years of the life of the famous Russian explorer.
E. P. Khabarov
He continued the work of Poyarkov to study the Amur region. Khabarov was an entrepreneur, bought furs, built a s alt pan and a mill. Together with a detachment of Cossacks, the entire Amur was sailed on ships and compiled the first map of the Amur Territory. Along the way, he conquered numerous local tribes. Khabarov was forced to turn back by an army assembled against Russian travelersManchu.
I. I. Kamchaty
He has the honor of discovering Kamchatka. The peninsula now bears the name of the discoverer. Kamchaty was enrolled in the Cossacks and sent to serve on the Kolyma River. He was engaged in fur trade and the search for walrus bones. He was the first to discover the Kamchatka River, having learned about it from the locals. Later, as part of a small detachment led by Chukichev, Kamchaty went in search of this river. Two years later, news came of the death of the expedition on the Kamchatka River.
Conclusion
Explorers are the great Russian discoverers of the Siberian lands and the Far East, selflessly setting off on long journeys in order to conquer new territories. Their names are forever preserved in the people's memory and the names of the capes and peninsulas they discovered.
