During the 19th century, a huge number of important events took place in the Russian Empire. During these hundred years, several emperors have changed in the state. If at the beginning of the 19th century Paul I ruled, then at the end it was already Nicholas II. During this period, serfdom was abolished, and the monarchy weakened so much that communist ideals began to gain more and more popularity, which allowed the Bolsheviks to come to power at the beginning of the next century. In many ways, the wars of the 19th century in Russia also contributed to the decline in the authority of the ruling dynasty. In some of them, the state managed to win, in others it had to suffer defeat. However, in most of them, it suffered significant human and material losses.
Wars of the 19th century in Russia: prehistory
The century in question was characterized by many intrigues and conflicts on the world stage. The most tense during this period were the relations of the Russian Empire withTurkey. Each of the states sought to expand its land and sea borders. Over this century, Russia has managed to become one of the leaders in the international arena. European states began to watch her rise more and more closely.
Reason for confrontation
Consideration of the wars of the 19th century in Russia allows you to understand the foreign policy of the country of that period. During this time, the country managed to participate in many international conflicts. There are 15 wars of the 19th century in Russia. Of these, she was defeated in three. These are the wars of the Third and Fourth Coalitions. The first occurred in 1805, the second - in 1806-1807. The third defeat is the Crimean War. It lasted from 1853 to 1856. There was a draw in the Anglo-Russian war. Thus, the 19th century was quite successful for Russia.
Achievements in Brief
During this period, our country won 11 wars. Among them:
- Russian-Persian war. It lasted from 1804 to 1813. Its main goal was to strengthen the positions of the Russian Empire in the Transcaucasus. During the war, there was a protracted confrontation between the two sides in Northern Azerbaijan. It ended with the signing of the Gulistan Peace Treaty.
- Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812 An appropriate section will be dedicated to her.
- Russian-Swedish war. It lasted two years - from 1808 to 1809. It is also covered in one of the following sections of this article.
- War of the Fifth Coalition. It happened in 1809.
- Patriotic War1812. As a result, Napoleon's army was practically destroyed. It was during it that the famous Battle of Borodino took place.
- War of the Sixth Coalition. It happened in 1813-1814.
- Russian-Persian war. It was connected with the need to repel the aggression provoked by England. Ended with the signing of the Turkmenchay peace treaty.
- Russian-Turkish war. It lasted from 1828 to 1829. Russia sought to strengthen its positions in the Balkan region and establish control over the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles.
- Polish Uprising of 1830. It is sometimes referred to as the Russian Civil War of the 19th century. As a result, the Polish kingdom was declared part of Russia. The national liberation movement in Right-Bank Ukraine was suppressed.
- Polish Uprising of 1863. The gentry was not happy with the order established by the Russian Empire in the former lands of the Commonwe alth. The uprising was also put down. The policy of the Russian Empire became even more anti-Polish. Executions and reprisals were used against the rebels.
- Russian-Turkish war. It lasted from 1877 to 1878. Russia sought to restore its influence on Turkey. It ended with the signing of the Peace of Saint Stephen. Subsequently, it was adjusted by the Berlin Congress not in favor of Russia, although the latter won the war.
1806-1812
The main goal of the first Russian-Turkish war is to strengthen positions in the Transcaucasus and the Balkan region. The reason for this was the violationOttoman Empire arrangements for movements in government in Wallachia and Moldavia. In addition, there was the threat of an invasion by the Napoleonic army. All this led to the fact that Russia needed to quickly resolve the issue with the southern lands. In 1806, Russia occupied several Turkish fortresses without a fight and defeated the fleet. In 1809, the first attempt at peace was made. However, the conditions did not please Alexander I. Therefore, the war continued. Kutuzov managed to win it. The Russian-Turkish war of 1806-1812 ended with the signing of the Bucharest peace treaty with the Ottoman Empire. However, it was short-lived.
Already in 1828, the Sublime Porte announced that it was no longer dependent on Russia. Moreover, she stressed that she forbids the latter to enter the Bosphorus. Since the Russian troops at that time were in Bessarabia, the first hostilities began there. And again the Russians won. But this did not stop the Ottoman Empire from new conflicts with them.
Russian-Swedish war of 1808-1809
Each of the parties sought to single-handedly control the Gulf of Finland and the Gulf of Bothnia. This is the last of the Russo-Swedish wars. In it, Russia was supported by such states as France and Denmark. It lasted six months and three weeks. The Friedrichsham Peace Treaty secured new territories for the Russian Empire. It included the Grand Duchy of Finland.
